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CONTINETS OF THE WORLD There are seven continents on Earth, listed below: 1. Asia 2. Africa 3. North America 4. South America 5. Antarctica 6. Europe 7. Australia (sometimes referred to as Oceania) Afghanistan: President Ashraf Ghani Armenia: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Azerbaijan: President Ilham Aliyev Bahrain: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Bangladesh: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Bhutan: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering Brunei: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen China: President Xi Jinping Cyprus: President Nicos Anastasiades Georgia: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi Indonesia: President Joko Widodo Iran: President Ebrahim Raisi Iraq: President Barham Salih Israel: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett Japan: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida Jordan: King Abdullah II Kazakhstan: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev Kuwait: Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Kyrgyzstan: President Sadyr Japarov Laos: President Thongloun Sisoulith Lebanon: President Michel Aoun Malaysia: Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob Maldives: President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih Mongolia: President Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Myanmar: State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (currently under military coup) Nepal: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba North Korea: Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un Oman: Sultan Haitham bin Tariq Pakistan: Prime Minister SHABAZ SHARIEF Palestine: President Mahmoud Abbas Philippines: President Rodrigo Duterte Qatar: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani Russia: President Vladimir Putin Saudi Arabia: King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Singapore: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong South Korea: President Moon Jae-in Sri Lanka: President Gotabaya Rajapaksa Syria: President Bashar al-Assad Taiwan: President Tsai Ing-wen Tajikistan: President Emomali Rahmon Thailand: Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha Timor-Leste: President Francisco Guterres Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdogan Turkmenistan: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow United Arab Emirates: President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan Uzbekistan: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev Vietnam: President Nguyen Xuan Phuc Yemen: President Abdrabbuh Mansur Had 1. Albania - President Ilir Meta 2. Andorra - Head of Government Xavier Espot Zamora 3. Austria - Chancellor Sebastian Kurz 4. Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko 5. Belgium - Prime Minister Alexander De Croo 6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Chairman of the Presidency Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, Milorad Dodik 7. Bulgaria - Prime Minister Kiril Petkov 8. Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković 9. Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades 10. Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala 11. Denmark - Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen 12. Estonia - Prime Minister Kaja Kallas 13. Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin 14. France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex 15. Germany - Chancellor Olaf Scholz 16. Greece - Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis 17. Hungary - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán 18. Iceland - President Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir 19. Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin 20. Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi 21. Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti 22. Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš 23. Liechtenstein - Head of Government Adrian Hasler 24. Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė 25. Luxembourg - Prime Minister Xavier Bettel 26. Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela 27. Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița 28. Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout 29. Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić 30. Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte 31. North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitrov 32. Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre 33. Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki 34. Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa 35. Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă 36. Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin 37. San Marino - Captain Regent Gian Carlo Venturini, Captain Regent Luca Santolini 38. Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić 39. Slovakia - President Zuzana Čaputová, Prime Minister Eduard Heger 40. Slovenia - President Borut Pahor, Prime Minister Janez Janša 41. Spain - King Felipe VI, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez 42. Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf, Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson 43. Switzerland - President Guy Parmelin, Vice President Petra Gössi 44. Ukraine - President Volodymyr Zelensky, Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal 45. United Kingdom - Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Boris Johnson Here is a list of current heads of state or government in North America as of my knowledge cutoff date: Antigua and Barbuda: Prime Minister Gaston Browne Bahamas: Prime Minister Philip Davis Barbados: Prime Minister Mia Mottley Belize: Prime Minister Johnny Briceño Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Costa Rica: President Carlos Alvarado Cuba: President Miguel Díaz-Canel Dominica: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit Dominican Republic: President Luis Abinader El Salvador: President Nayib Bukele Grenada: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell Guatemala: President Alejandro Giammattei Haiti: President Ariel Henry Honduras: President Juan Orlando Hernández Jamaica: Prime Minister Andrew Holness Mexico: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador Nicaragua: President Daniel Ortega Panama: President Laurentino Cortizo Saint Kitts and Nevis: Prime Minister Timothy Harris Saint Lucia: Prime Minister Philip Pierre Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves Trinidad and Tobago: Prime Minister Keith Rowley United States of America: President Joe Biden Here is a list of current heads of state or government in South America as of my knowledge cutoff date: Argentina: President Alberto Fernández Bolivia: President Luis Arce Brazil: President Jair Bolsonaro Chile: President Gabriel Boric (as of 2022, previously President Sebastián Piñera) Colombia: President Gustavo Petro (as of 2022, previously President Iván Duque) Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso Guyana: President Irfaan Ali Paraguay: President Mario Abdo Benítez Peru: President Pedro Castillo Suriname: President Chan Santokhi Uruguay: President Luis Lacalle Pou Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (there is a dispute over the legitimacy of his presidency, with opposition leader Juan Guaidó also claiming to be the country's interim president) I'm sorry, but there are no recognized heads of state or government in Antarctica. Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a unique international treaty that regulates the continent's use and protects its environment. The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by 54 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, and China. The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activity, nuclear explosions, and mineral exploitation on the continent. The treaty also establishes the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, which are held annually to discuss and coordinate activities in Antarctica. arifkhan yousafzai786# head governme 2 / 2 Sure, here is a list of current heads of state or government in Europe as of my knowledge: 1. Albania - President Ilir Meta, Prime Minister Edi Rama 2. Andorra - Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Co-Prince Emmanuel Macron (representative) 3. Austria - President Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor Karl Nehammer 4. Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko 5. Belgium - King Philippe, Prime Minister Alexander De Croo 6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Members of the Presidency: Šefik Džaferović (Bosniak), Željko Komšić (Croat), Milorad Dodik (Serb) 7. Bulgaria - President Rumen Radev, Prime Minister Stefan Yanev 8. Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković 9. Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ersin Tatar 10. Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala 11. Denmark - Queen Margrethe II, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen 12. Estonia - President Kersti Kaljulaid, Prime Minister Kaja Kallas 13. Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin 14. France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex 15. Germany - President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Chancellor Olaf Scholz 16. Greece - President Katerina Sakellaropoulou, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis 17. Hungary - President János Áder, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán 18. Iceland - President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir 19. Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin 20. Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi 21. Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti 22. Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš 23. Liechtenstein - Prince Hans-Adam II, Prime Minister Adrian Hasler 24. Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė 25. Luxembourg - Grand Duke Henri, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel 26. Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela 27. Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița 28. Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout 29. Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić 30. Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte 31. North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitar Kovačevski 32. Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre 33. Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki 34. Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa 35. Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă 36. Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin 37. San Marino - Captains Regent Enrico Carattoni and Luca Santolini 38. Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić 39 As of my knowledge cutoff date of September 2021, the list of current state or government leaders in Australia is as follows: 1. Governor-General: David Hurley 2. Prime Minister: Scott Morrison 3. Deputy Prime Minister: Barnaby Joyce 4. Leader of the Opposition: Anthony Albanese State and Territory Leaders: 1. New South Wales: · Premier: Dominic Perrottet · Leader of the Opposition: Chris Minns 2. Victoria: · Premier: Daniel Andrews · Leader of the Opposition: Matthew Guy 3. Queensland: · Premier: Annastacia Palaszczuk · Leader of the Opposition: David Crisafulli 4. Western Australia: · Premier: Mark McGowan · Leader of the Opposition: Mia Davies 5. South Australia: · Premier: Steven Marshall · Leader of the Opposition: Peter Malinauskas 6. Tasmania: · Premier: Peter Gutwein · Leader of the Opposition: Rebecca White 7. Australian Capital Territory: · Chief Minister: Andrew Barr · Leader of the Opposition: Elizabeth Lee 8. Northern Territory: · Chief Minister: Michael Gunner · Leader of the Opposition: Lia Finocchiaro 9. Algeria: President Abdelmadjid Tebboune Angola: President João Lourenço Benin: President Patrice Talon Botswana: President Mokgweetsi Masisi Burkina Faso: President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Burundi: President Évariste Ndayishimiye Cabo Verde: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca Cameroon: President Paul Biya Central African Republic: President Faustin-Archange Touadéra Chad: President Idriss Déby Comoros: President Azali Assoumani Democratic Republic of the Congo: President Félix Tshisekedi Republic of the Congo: President Denis Sassou Nguesso Côte d'Ivoire: President Alassane Ouattara Djibouti: President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Egypt: President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Equatorial Guinea: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Eritrea: President Isaias Afwerki Eswatini (formerly Swaziland): King Mswati III Ethiopia: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Gabon: President Ali Bongo Ondimba Gambia: President Adama Barrow Ghana: President Nana Akufo-Addo Guinea: President Alpha Condé Guinea-Bissau: President Umaro Sissoco Embaló Kenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta Lesotho: Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro Liberia: President George Weah Libya: Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah Madagascar: President Andry Rajoelina Malawi: President Lazarus Chakwera Mali: President Assimi Goita Mauritania: President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Mauritius: President Prithvirajsing Roopun Morocco: King Mohammed VI Mozambique: President Filipe Nyusi Namibia: President Hage Geingob Niger: President Mohamed Bazoum Nigeria: President Muhammadu Buhari Rwanda: President Paul Kagame São Tomé and Príncipe: President Evaristo Carvalho Senegal: President Macky Sall Seychelles: President Wavel Ramkalawan Sierra Leone: President Julius Maada Bio Somalia: President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa South Sudan: President Salva Kiir Mayardit Sudan: Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok Tanzania: President Samia Suluhu Togo: President Faure Gnassingbé Tunisia: President Kais Saied Uganda: President Yoweri Museveni Zambia: President Hakainde Hichilema Zimbabwe: President Emmerson Mnangagwa 10. Please note that the list may have changed due to various reasons such as elections, resignations, or deaths. The Antarctic Treaty System is not governed by a single individual or head. It is managed by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), which are attended by representatives from all of the treaty's member countries. The ATCM is responsible for the management of the continent and its surrounding waters, including the regulation of scientific research, conservation of living resources, and protection of the environment. The meetings are chaired by a representative from the host country of the meeting, which rotates annually among the treaty parties. So, the chairperson of the ATCM changes every year, depending on the host country Afghanistan - President: Vacant, Acting President: Amrullah Saleh Albania - President: Ilir Meta, Prime Minister: Edi Rama Algeria - President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Prime Minister: Aïmene Benabderrahmane Andorra - Co-Princes: Emmanuel Macron (France) and Joan Enric Vives Sicília (Bishop of Urgell, Spain), Head of Government: Xavier Espot Zamora Angola - President: João Lourenço Antigua and Barbuda - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Rodney Williams), Prime Minister: Gaston Browne Argentina - President: Alberto Fernández Armenia - President: Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan Australia - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General David Hurley), Prime Minister: Anthony Albanese Austria - President: Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor: Karl Nehammer Azerbaijan - President: Ilham Aliyev Bahamas - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Cornelius Smith), Prime Minister: Philip Davis Bahrain - King: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh - President: Abdul Hamid, Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina Barbados - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sandra Mason), Prime Minister: Mia Mottley Belarus - President: Alexander Lukashenko, Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko Belgium - King: Philippe, Prime Minister: Vincent Van Peteghem Belize - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Froyla Tzalam), Prime Minister: Patrick Faber Benin - President: Patrice Talon, Prime Minister: Djaló Mamadou Bhutan - King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering Bolivia - President: Luis Arce Bosnia and Herzegovina - Presidency (collective head of state): Šefik Džaferović, Milorad Dodik, Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (head of government): Fadil Novalić Botswana - President: Mokgweetsi Masisi Brazil - President: Jair Bolsonaro Brunei - Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister: Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria - President: Rumen Radev, Prime Minister: Plamen Nikolov Burkina Faso - President: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime Minister: Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré Burundi - President: Évariste Ndayishimiye Cambodia - King: Norodom Sihamoni, Prime Minister: Hun Sen Cameroon - President: Paul Biya, Prime Minister: Joseph Dion Ngute Canada - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Mary Simon), Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau Cape Verde - President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca, Prime Minister: José Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva Central African Republic - President: Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister: Henri-Marie Dondra Chad - President: Mahamat Déby Chile - President: Gabriel Boric China - President: Xi Jinping, Premier: Li Keqiang Colombia - President: Gustavo Petro Comoros - President: Azali As 1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison 2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama 3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau G · Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau 4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President David Kabua · Current Head of Government: President David Kabua 5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo · Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo 6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea · Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea 7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern 8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr. · Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr. 9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape 10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa 11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare 12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Tupou VI · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni 13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano 14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman A fghanistan - President: Vacant, Acting President: Amrullah Saleh Albania - President: Ilir Meta, Prime Minister: Edi Rama president of singapore 2022 Algeria - President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Prime Minister: Aïmene Benabderrahmane Andorra - Co-Princes: Emmanuel Macron (France) and Joan Enric Vives Sicília (Bishop of Urgell, Spain), Head of Government: Xavier Espot Zamora Angola - President: João Lourenço Antigua and Barbuda - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Rodney Williams), Prime Minister: Gaston Browne Argentina - President: Alberto Fernández Armenia - President: Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan Australia - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General David Hurley), Prime Minister: Anthony Albanese Austria - President: Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor: Karl Nehammer Azerbaijan - President: Ilham Aliyev Bahamas - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Cornelius Smith), Prime Minister: Philip Davis Bahrain - King: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh - President: Abdul Hamid, Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina Barbados - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sandra Mason), Prime Minister: Mia Mottley Belarus - President: Alexander Lukashenko, Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko Belgium - King: Philippe, Prime Minister: Vincent Van Peteghem Belize - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Froyla Tzalam), Prime Minister: Patrick Faber Benin - President: Patrice Talon, Prime Minister: Djaló Mamadou Bhutan - King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering Bolivia - President: Luis Arce Bosnia and Herzegovina - Presidency (collective head of state): Šefik Džaferović, Milorad Dodik, Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (head of government): Fadil Novalić Botswana - President: Mokgweetsi Masisi Brazil - President: Jair Bolsonaro Brunei - Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister: Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria - President: Rumen Radev, Prime Minister: Plamen Nikolov Burkina Faso - President: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime Minister: Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré Burundi - President: Évariste Ndayishimiye Cambodia - King: Norodom Sihamoni, Prime Minister: Hun Sen Cameroon - President: Paul Biya, Prime Minister: Joseph Dion Ngute Canada - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Mary Simon), Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau Cape Verde - President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca, Prime Minister: José Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva Central African Republic - President: Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister: Henri-Marie Dondra Chad - President: Mahamat Déby Chile - President: Gabriel Boric China - President: Xi Jinping, Premier: Li Keqiang Colombia - President: Gustavo Petro Comoros - President: Azali Ass 1. Algeria - Abdelmadjid Tebboune 2. Angola - João Lourenço 3. Benin - Patrice Talon 4. Botswana - Mokgweetsi Masisi 5. Burkina Faso - Roch Marc Christian Kaboré 6. Burundi - Evariste Ndayishimiye 7. Cameroon - Paul Biya 8. Cape Verde - Jorge Carlos Fonseca 9. Central African Republic - Faustin-Archange Touadéra 10. Chad - Mahamat Déby 11. Comoros - Azali Assoumani 12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - Félix Tshisekedi 13. Republic of the Congo - Denis Sassou Nguesso 14. Djibouti - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh 15. Egypt - Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 16. Equatorial Guinea - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo 17. Eritrea - Isaias Afwerki 18. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III 19. Ethiopia - Sahle-Work Zewde (President), Abiy Ahmed (Prime Minister) 20. Gabon - Ali Bongo Ondimba 21. The Gambia - Adama Barrow 22. Ghana - Nana Akufo-Addo 23. Guinea - Alpha Condé 24. Guinea-Bissau - Umaro Sissoco Embaló 25. Ivory Coast - Alassane Ouattara 26. Kenya - Uhuru Kenyatta 27. Lesotho - Moeketsi Majoro 28. Liberia - George Weah 29. Libya - Mohammed al-Menfi (President), Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (Prime Minister) 30. Madagascar - Andry Rajoelina 31. Malawi - Lazarus Chakwera 32. Mali - Assimi Goita (President), Choguel Kokalla Maïga (Prime Minister) 33. Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Ghazouani 34. Mauritius - Prithvirajsing Roopun (President), Pravind Jugnauth (Prime Minister) 35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI 36. Mozambique - Filipe Nyusi 37. Namibia - Hage Geingob 38. Niger - Mohamed Bazoum 39. Nigeria - Muhammadu Buhari 40. Rwanda - Paul Kagame 41. Sao Tome and Principe - Carlos Vila Nova 42. Senegal - Macky Sall 43. Seychelles - Wavel Ramkalawan (President), Roger Mancienne (Vice President) 44. Sierra Leone - Julius Maada Bio 45. Somalia - Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed 46. South Africa - Cyril Ramaphosa 47. South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit 48. Sudan - Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman of the Sovereignty Council), Abdalla Hamdok (Prime Minister) 49. Tanzania - Samia Suluhu Hassan 50. Togo - Faure Gnassingbé 51. Tunisia - Kais Saied 52. Uganda - Yoweri Museveni 53. Zambia - Hakainde Hichilema 54. Zimbabwe - Emmerson Mnangagwa 1. Albania - Ilir Meta 2. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen 3. Croatia - Zoran Milanović 4. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades 5. Estonia - Alar Karis 6. Finland - Sauli Niinistö 7. France - Emmanuel Macron 8. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou 9. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson 10. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins 11. Italy - Sergio Mattarella 12. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani 13. Latvia - Egils Levits 14. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda 15. Malta - George Vella 16. Moldova - Maia Sandu 17. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 18. Romania - Klaus Iohannis 19. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić 20. Slovenia - Borut Pahor 21. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová 22. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin 1. Albania - Ilir Meta 2. Andorra - Xavier Espot Zamora 3. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen 4. Belarus - Alexander Lukashenko 5. Belgium - King Philippe 6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, and Milorad Dodik (Presidency) 7. Bulgaria - Rumen Radev 8. Croatia - Zoran Milanović 9. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades 10. Czech Republic - Miloš Zeman 11. Estonia - Alar Karis 12. Finland - Sauli Niinistö 13. France - Emmanuel Macron 14. Georgia - Salome Zourabichvili 15. Germany - Frank-Walter Steinmeier 16. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou 17. Hungary - János Áder 18. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson 19. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins 20. Italy - Sergio Mattarella 21. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani 22. Latvia - Egils Levits 23. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda 24. Malta - George Vella 25. Moldova - Maia Sandu 26. Montenegro - Milo Đukanović 27. North Macedonia - Stevo Pendarovski 28. Norway - King Harald V 29. Poland - Andrzej Duda 30. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa 31. Romania - Klaus Iohannis 32. Russia - Vladimir Putin 33. San Marino - Alessandro Mancini 34. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić 35. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová 36. Slovenia - Borut Pahor 37. Spain - King Felipe VI 38. Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf 39. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin 40. Turkey - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 41. Ukraine - Volodymyr Zelensky 42. United Kingdom - King Charles III (as of September 2021) 43. Vatican City - Pope Francis It's important to note that the above list is current as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021 and that the political situations and leadership in each country may change over tim Here is a list of the current Heads of State or Government of the 54 countries in Africa, organized alphabetically by country: 1. Algeria - President Abdelmadjid Tebboune 2. Angola - President João Lourenço 3. Benin - President Patrice Talon 4. Botswana - President Mokgweetsi Masisi 5. Burkina Faso - President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré 6. Burundi - President Évariste Ndayishimiye 7. Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) - President Jorge Carlos Fonseca 8. Cameroon - President Paul Biya 9. Central African Republic - President Faustin-Archange Touadéra 10. Chad - President Mahamat Déby Itno 11. Comoros - President Azali Assoumani 12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - President Félix Tshisekedi 13. Republic of the Congo - President Denis Sassou Nguesso 14. Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - President Alassane Ouattara 15. Djibouti - President Ismail Omar Guelleh 16. Egypt - President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi 17. Equatorial Guinea - President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo 18. Eritrea - President Isaias Afwerki 19. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III 20. Ethiopia - Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed 21. Gabon - President Ali Bongo Ondimba 22. The Gambia - President Adama Barrow 23. Ghana - President Nana Akufo-Addo 24. Guinea - President Alpha Condé 25. Guinea-Bissau - President Umaro Sissoco Embaló 26. Kenya - President Uhuru Kenyatta 27. Lesotho - Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro 28. Liberia - President George Weah 29. Libya - Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah 30. Madagascar - President Andry Rajoelina 31. Malawi - President Lazarus Chakwera 32. Mali - Interim President Assimi Goïta 33. Mauritania - President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani 34. Mauritius - President Prithvirajsing Roopun 35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI 36. Mozambique - President Filipe Nyusi 37. Namibia - President Hage Geingob 38. Niger - President Mohamed Bazoum 39. Nigeria - President Muhammadu Buhari 40. Rwanda - President Paul Kagame 41. Sao Tome and Principe - President Evaristo Carvalho 42. Senegal - President Macky Sall 43. Seychelles - President Wavel Ramkalawan 44. Sierra Leone - President Julius Maada Bio 45. Somalia - President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (Farmajo) 46. South Africa - President Cyril Ramaphosa 47. South Sudan - President Salva Kiir Mayardit 48. Sudan - Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok 49. Tanzania - President Samia Suluhu Hassan 50. Togo - President Faure Gnassingbé 51. Tunisia - President Kais Saied 52. Uganda - President Yoweri Museveni 53. Zambia - President Hakainde Hichilema 54. Zimbabwe - President Emmerson Mnangagwa Please note that the list is current as of my knowledge cutoff date, and the leadership of some countries may have changed since then. Here is a list of the current heads of state/government for the countries in South America: 1. Argentina - President Alberto Fernández 2. Bolivia - President Luis Arce 3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonar 3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonaro 4. Chile - President Gabriel Boric (as of March 11, 2022) 5. Colombia - President Gustavo Petro (as of August 7, 2022) 6. Ecuador - President Guillermo Lasso 7. Guyana - President Irfaan Ali 8. Paraguay - President Mario Abdo Benítez 9. Peru - President Pedro Castillo 10. Suriname - President Chan Santokhi 11. Uruguay - President Luis Lacalle Pou 12. Venezuela - President Nicolás Maduro Note: As with any political leadership, this information is subject to change. 1. United States of America - President Joe Biden 2. Canada - Prime Minister Justin Trudeau 3. Mexico - President Andrés Manuel López Obrador 4. Cuba - President Miguel Díaz-Canel 5. Dominican Republic - President Luis Abinader 6. Guatemala - President Alejandro Giammattei 7. Haiti - President Ariel Henry 8. Honduras - President Xiomara Castro 9. Jamaica - Prime Minister Andrew Holness 10.Nicaragua - President Daniel Ortega 11.Panama - President Laurentino Cortizo 12.Costa Rica - President Carlos Alvarado 13.El Salvador - President Nayib Bukele 14.Belize - Prime Minister Johnny Briceño 15.The Bahamas - Prime Minister Philip Davis 16.Saint Kitts and Nevis - Prime Minister Timothy Harris 17.Saint Lucia - Prime Minister Philip Pierre 18.Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves 19.Trinidad and Tobago - Prime Minister Keith Rowley · Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Julie Payette) · Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau · Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy United States of America: · Head of State and Head of Government: President Joe Biden · Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic Mexico: · Head of State and Head of Government: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador · Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic Greenland: · Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (represented by High Commissioner Mikaela Engell) · Head of Government: Premier Múte Bourup Egede · Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy (self-governing overseas territory of Denmark) Note: There are several other countries and territories in North America, such as the Caribbean nations and territories, but they do not have parliamentary systems of government. ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government I'm sorry, but there are currently no countries in North America with parliamentary systems of government. Parliamentary systems of government are characterized by a fusion of the executive and legislative branches, with the head of government (usually called the Prime Minister) being selected from the ruling party or coalition in the parliament. The countries in North America have various forms of government, including federal presidential republics (such as the United States and Mexico), parliamentary constitutional monarchies (such as Canada), and self-governing overseas territories (such as Greenland). However, none of these countries have parliamentary systems of government. ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government.rliamentary system of ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY 2. Antarctica AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government 2. Antarctica Antarctica is a continent, but it is not governed by any one country or head of state. Instead, it is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a series of international agreements that aim to protect the continent and promote scientific research. The treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, and has since been joined by over 50 other countries. The Antarctic Treaty System establishes a framework for the governance of Antarctica, including regulations on environmental protection and scientific research. The system is overseen by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, which is made up of representatives from all the countries that have signed the treaty. The meeting is held annually to discuss issues related to Antarctica and make decisions about its governance. Since Antarctica is not governed by any one country or head of state, it does not have a parliamentary system of government or any other type of government. Instead, the governance of Antarctica is based on international cooperation and the principles of the Antarctic Treaty System. ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government Australia/Oceania Here are the countries in Australia/Oceania and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State: 1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison 2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama 3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau · Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau 4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President David Kabua · Current Head of Government: President David Kabua 5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo · Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo 6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea · Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea 7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern 8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr. · Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr. 9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General) · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape 10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa 11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare 12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Tupou VI · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni 13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano 14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government 2. Asia Here are the countries in Asia and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State: 1. Afghanistan - Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Ashraf Ghani · Current Head of Government: President Ashraf Ghani 2. Armenia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Armen Sarkissian · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan 3. Azerbaijan - Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev · Current Head of Government: President Ilham Aliyev 4. Bahrain - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa 5. Bangladesh - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Abdul Hamid · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina 6. Bhutan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering 7. Brunei - Absolute Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah 8. Cambodia - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen 9. China - One-Party State with a Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Xi Jinping · Current Head of Government: Premier Li Keqiang 10. Cyprus - Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Nicos Anastasiades · Current Head of Government: President Nicos Anastasiades 11. Georgia - Semi-Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Salome Zourabichvili · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili 12. India - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Ram Nath Kovind · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi 13. Indonesia - Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Joko Widodo · Current Head of Government: President Joko Widodo 14. Iran - Theocratic Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei · Current Head of Government: President Ebrahim Raisi 15. Iraq - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Barham Salih · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi 16. Israel - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: President Isaac Herzog · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett 17. Japan - Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: Emperor Naruhito · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida 18. Jordan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government · Current Head of State: King Abdullah II · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bisher al-Khasawneh 19. Kazakhstan - Presidential System of Government · Current Head of State: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev · Current Head of Government: Prime Minister