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Allah Ta'ala has given us clear guidance on how to live a righteous life through His prophets, including Hazrat Adam, Hazrat Noah, Hazrat Ibrahim, Hazrat Musa, Hazrat Jesus, Dawud and Hazrat Muhammad. All of them were examples of obedience and obedience to Allah and their teachings are a source of guidance for us. Allah has given us a set of laws and guidelines to follow [these four books – the Qur'an, the Injeel, the Bible and the Torah] also include the five pillars of Islam, which are faith, prayer, charity, fasting and Hajj. are announced. Following these instructions and obeying Allah's commandments is essential to living a complete and righteous life. We should also recognize that whatever assets and properties we have are ultimately given to us by Allah and we should use them wisely and gratefully.

Why hate a Muslim word? Allah /all the Prophets of God, obedient to Allah. The Muslim Word is Arabic. All the Prophets of God, including adam, noah, abraham, moses, Jesus, and Muhammad, Peace be upon all, were obedient to Allah.

It is important to not do that where some people may have negative associations with the word "Allah," it is not inherently a negative word. Rather, it is a word that holds different meanings and associations for different people, was based on their cultural, religious, and personal experiences. It is essential to approach differences and cultures with an open mind, response, and underspring

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That all the prophets of God, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), all of them were peace, Muslims, obedient to God and values of peace, compassion and respect for all human beings. They used to maintain. These values are not unique to Islam, but are universal and shared by many beliefs and cultures around the world.

That the Qur'an does not promote hatred or violence with people of other beliefs or beliefs. On the contrary, the Qur'an emphasizes the importance of treating all human beings, regardless of their backgrounds or beliefs, kindness and justice. Muslims have been demanded to follow the example of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), regardless of their beliefs or race, who lived with all people with sympathy, mercy and tolerance.

In summary, the values of peace, compassion and respect for all human beings are the real status of Islam, and work together is shared by many beliefs and cultures around the world.

کہ خدا کے سب نبی ، جن میں آدم ، نوح ، ابراہیم ، موسیٰ ، عیسیٰ ، اور محمد "صلى الله عليه وسلم سمیت ، ان سب پر سلامتی ،مسلمان، خدا کے فرمانبردار تھے اور تمام انسانوں کے لئے امن ، شفقت اور احترام کی اقدار کو برقرار رکھتے تھے۔ یہ اقدار اسلام کے لئے منفرد نہیں ہیں بلکہ دنیا بھر کے بہت سے عقائد اور ثقافتوں کے ذریعہ آفاقی اور مشترکہ ہیں۔

کہ قرآن دوسرے عقائد یا عقائد کے لوگوں کے ساتھ نفرت یا تشدد کو فروغ نہیں دیتا ہے۔ اس کے برعکس ، قرآن مجید تمام انسانوں کے ساتھ ان کے پس منظر یا عقائد سے قطع نظر ، احسان اور انصاف کے ساتھ سلوک کرنے کی اہمیت پر زور دیتا ہے۔ مسلمانوں سے مطالبہ کیا گیا ہے کہ وہ ان کے عقیدے یا نسل سے قطع نظر ، حضرت محمد "صلى الله عليه وسلم کی مثال پر عمل کریں ، جو تمام لوگوں کے ساتھ ہمدردی ، رحمت اور رواداری کی زندگی بسر کرتے تھے۔

خلاصہ طور پر ، تمام انسانوں کے لئے امن ، شفقت اور احترام کی اقدار اسلام کی اصل حیثیت رکھتی ہیں اورایک ساتھ کام کرکے دنیا بھر میں بہت سے عقائد اور ثقافتوں کے ذریعہ ان کا اشتراک کیا جاتا ہے۔

اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہمیں اپنے انبیاء کے ذریعے واضح رہنمائی دی ہے کہ کس طرح صالح زندگی گزاری جائے، جن میں حضرت آدم، حضرت نوح، حضرت ابراہیم، حضرت موسیٰ، حضرت عیسیٰ ، داود اور حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم شامل ہیں۔ وہ سب اللہ کی اطاعت اور فرمانبرداری کےمسال تھے اور ان کی تعلیمات ہمارے لیے رہنمائی کا ذریعہ ہیں۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہمیں پیروی کرنے کے لیے قوانین اور رہنما اصولوں کا ایک مجموعہ[یہ چار کتابیں - قرآن، انجیل، بائبل اور تورات بھی دیا ہے، جن میں اسلام کے پانچ ستون شامل ہیں، جو ایمان، نماز، صدقہ، روزہ اور حج کا اعلان ہیں۔ ان ہدایات پر عمل کرنا اور اللہ کے احکامات کی اطاعت کرنا ایک مکمل اور صالح زندگی گزارنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔ ہمیں یہ بھی تسلیم کرنا چاہیے کہ ہمارے پاس جتنے بھی اثاثے اور جائیدادیں ہیں وہ بالآخر اللہ کی طرف سے ہمیں دی گئی ہیں اور ہمیں ان کا استعمال دانشمندی اور شکر گزاری کے ساتھ کرنا چاہیے۔

اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہمیں اپنے انبیاء کے ذریعے واضح رہنمائی دی ہے کہ کس طرح صالح زندگی گزاری جائے، جن میں حضرت آدم، حضرت نوح، حضرت ابراہیم، حضرت موسیٰ، حضرت عیسیٰ اور حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم شامل ہیں۔ وہ سب اللہ کی اطاعت اور فرمانبرداری کے نمونے تھے اور ان کی تعلیمات ہمارے لیے رہنمائی کا ذریعہ ہیں۔ اللہ تعالیٰ نے ہمیں پیروی کرنے کے لیے قوانین اور رہنما اصولوں کا ایک مجموعہ بھی دیا ہے، جن میں اسلام کے پانچ ستون شامل ہیں، جو ایمان، نماز، صدقہ، روزہ اور حج کا اعلان ہیں۔ ان ہدایات پر عمل کرنا اور اللہ کے احکامات کی اطاعت کرنا ایک مکمل اور صالح زندگی گزارنے کے لیے ضروری ہے۔ ہمیں یہ بھی تسلیم کرنا چاہیے کہ ہمارے پاس جتنے بھی اثاثے اور جائیدادیں ہیں وہ بالآخر اللہ کی طرف سے ہمیں دی گئی ہیں اور ہمیں ان کا استعمال دانشمندی اور شکر گزاری کے ساتھ کرنا چاہیے۔

Allah has given us clear guidance on how to lead a righteous life through His prophets, including Prophet Adam, Prophet Noah, Prophet Abraham, Prophet Moses, Prophet Jesus, and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). They were all models of obedience and submission to Allah's will, and their teachings are a source of guidance for us. Allah has also given us a set of rules and guidelines to follow, including the Five Pillars of Islam, which are the declaration of faith, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage. Following these guidelines and being obedient to Allah's commands is essential to living a fulfilling and righteous life. We should also recognize that all the assets and property we possess are ultimately given to us by Allah, and we should use them wisely and with gratitude.

Muslims are those who submit to the will of God. The word "Muslim" comes from the Arabic word "Islam," which means/translates from the Arabic language "to submit." Thus, being a Muslim means obeying God. All the prophets mentioned in The Holy Qur'an were obedient to God and subject to His will, which makes them Muslims. Therefore, it can be said that all the Prophets are Muslims because they followed God's commandments and were obedient to Him.

مسلمان وہ ہیں جو خدا کی رضا /حکم کے آگے سر تسلیم خم کر دیں۔ لفظ "مسلم" عربی لفظ "اسلام" سے نکلا ہے، جس کا مطلب/ترجمہ ارو زبان "تسلیم کرنا۔" اس طرح مسلمان ہونے کا مطلب ہے کہ خدا کا فرمانبردار ہونا۔ تمام انبیاء جن کا ذکرThe Holy Qur'an ،قرآن میں ہے، خدا کے فرمانبردار اور اس کی مرضی کے تابع تھے، جو انہیں مسلمان بناتا ہے۔ لہذا، یہ کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ تمام انبیاء مسلمان ہیں کیونکہ انہوں نے خدا کے احکام کی پیروی کی اور اس کے فرمانبردار تھے۔

The Holy Qur'an ،قرآن میں ہے، خدا کے فرمانبردار اور اس کی مرضی کے تابع تھے، جو انہیں مسلمان بناتا ہے۔ لہذا، یہ کہا جا سکتا ہے کہ تمام انبیاء مسلمان ہیں کیونکہ انہوں نے خدا

کے احکام کی پیروی کی اور اس کے فرمانبردار تھے۔

تمام انبیاء مسلمان ہیں

It is true that all prophets and messengers in Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all), submitted to God's will and obeyed His commands. However, the term "Muslim" specifically refers to someone who follows the teachings of Islam as conveyed in the Quran and the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

While all prophets and messengers submitted to God's will, they did so in accordance with the revelation and teachings given to them in their respective times and places. The religion of Islam, as a distinct and complete system of belief and practice, was not revealed until the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Therefore, it is not accurate to say that all prophets and messengers were "Muslims" in the sense of following the specific beliefs and practices of Islam. However, Muslims do believe that all prophets and messengers were righteous and devoted servants of God who preached the message of submission to His will and taught their followers to live virtuous and ethical lives.
It is true that all prophets and messengers in Islam, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all), submitted to God's will and obeyed His commands. However, the term "Muslim" specifically refers to someone who follows the teachings of Islam as conveyed in the Quran and the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
While all prophets and messengers submitted to God's will, they did so in accordance with the revelation and teachings given to them in their respective times and places. The religion of Islam, as a distinct and complete system of belief and practice, was not revealed until the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Therefore, it is not accurate to say that all prophets and messengers were "Muslims" in the sense of following tahe specific beliefs and practices of Islam. However, Muslims do believe that all prophets and messengers were righteous and devoted servants of God who preached the message of submission to His will and taught their followers to live virtuous and ethical lives.
MUSLIM, Actually, the word "Muslim" is derived from the Arabic word "Islam" which means "submission" or "surrender" to God's will. therefore all prophet is muslim group.bease god create two group.MUSLIM, Actually, the word "Muslim" is derived from the Arabic word "Islam" which means "submission" or "surrender" to God's will. therefore all prophet is muslim group.bease god create two group.
MUSLIM, Actually, the word "Muslim" is derived from the Arabic word "Islam" which means "submission" or "surrender" to God's will. therefore all prophet is muslim group.bease god create two group.
مسلم، دراصل، لفظ "مسلم" عربی لفظ "اسلام" سے ماخوذ ہے جس کا مطلب ہے "سر تسلیم خم کرنا" یا "خدا کی مرضی کے سامنے سر تسلیم خم کرنا"۔ لہٰذا تمام نبی مسلمانوں کے گروہ ہیں۔
یہ سچ ہے کہ اسلام میں تمام انبیاء اور رسول بشمول آدم، نوح، ابراہیم، موسیٰ، عیسیٰ اور محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وآلہ وسلم) نے خدا کی مرضی کے آگے سر تسلیم خم کیا اور اس کے احکام کی تعمیل کی۔ تاہم، اصطلاح "مسلم" سے خاص طور پر مراد وہ شخص ہے جو اسلام کی تعلیمات کی پیروی کرتا ہے جیسا کہ قرآن میں بیان کیا گیا ہے اور پیغمبر محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے اقوال و افعال۔
جب کہ تمام انبیاء اور رسول خدا کی مرضی کے تابع تھے، انہوں نے اپنے اپنے اوقات اور جگہوں میں ان کو دی گئی وحی اور تعلیمات کے مطابق ایسا کیا۔ دین اسلام، ایک الگ اور مکمل نظامِ عقیدہ کے طور پر، حضرت محمد صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم کے زمانے تک نازل نہیں ہوا تھا۔
لہٰذا یہ کہنا درست نہیں ہے کہ تمام انبیاء اور رسول اسلام کے مخصوص عقائد اور طریقوں کی پیروی کے لحاظ سے ’’مسلمان‘‘ تھے۔ تاہم، مسلمان اس بات پر یقین رکھتے ہیں کہ تمام انبیاء اور رسول خدا کے نیک اور عقیدت مند بندے تھے جنہوں نے اس کی مرضی کے تابع ہونے کا پیغام دیا اور اپنے پیروکاروں کو نیک اور اخلاقی زندگی گزارنے کا درس دیا۔

There are various ways to make money online without a website and with no experience. Here are some options you can explore:

Online Surveys: You can earn money by participating in online surveys from companies that need consumer feedback on their products or services. Some popular survey sites include Swagbucks, Survey Junkie, and Vindale Research.

Sell on eBay or Amazon: You can sell products on popular e-commerce platforms like eBay or Amazon. You can source products from wholesalers or liquidation sites and resell them for a profit.

ویب سائٹ کے بغیر اور تجربہ کے بغیر آن لائن پیسہ کمانے کے مختلف طریقے ہیں۔ یہاں کچھ اختیارات ہیں جنہیں آپ دریافت کر سکتے ہیں:

آن لائن سروے: آپ ان کمپنیوں کے آن لائن سروے میں حصہ لے کر پیسہ کما سکتے ہیں جنہیں اپنی مصنوعات یا خدمات کے بارے میں صارفین کی رائے درکار ہے۔ کچھ مقبول سروے سائٹس میں Swagbucks، Survey Junkie، اور Vindale Research شامل ہیں۔

ای بے یا ایمیزون پر فروخت کریں: آپ ای بے یا ایمیزون جیسے مشہور ای کامرس پلیٹ فارم پر مصنوعات فروخت کر سکتے ہیں۔ آپ تھوک فروشوں یا لیکویڈیشن سائٹس سے مصنوعات حاصل کر سکتے ہیں اور منافع کے لیے انہیں دوبارہ بیچ سکتے ہیں۔

فری لانس رائٹنگ: اگر آپ کے پاس لکھنے کی مہارت ہے تو آپ فری لانس رائٹر کے طور پر اپنی خدمات پیش کر سکتے ہیں۔ آپ فری لانس پلیٹ فارمز جیسے Upwork، Fiverr، اور Freelancer پر تحریری ملازمتیں تلاش کر سکتے ہیں۔

آن لائن ٹیوشن: آپ کسی خاص مضمون میں اپنی مہارت پیش کر سکتے ہیں اور طلباء کو آن لائن پڑھا سکتے ہیں۔ Chegg، TutorMe، اور Skooli جیسی ویب سائٹیں آن لائن ٹیوشن کی نوکریاں پیش کرتی ہیں۔

ملحق مارکیٹنگ: آپ سوشل میڈیا یا دیگر آن لائن پلیٹ فارمز پر مصنوعات کو فروغ دے سکتے ہیں اور اپنے منفرد الحاق والے لنک کے ذریعے کی جانے والی ہر فروخت پر کمیشن حاصل کر سکتے ہیں۔ کچھ مشہور ملحقہ پروگراموں میں Amazon Associates، Clickbank، اور ShareASale شامل ہیں۔

ورچوئل اسسٹنٹ: آپ اپنی خدمات ان کاروباری اداروں یا افراد کو ورچوئل اسسٹنٹ کے طور پر پیش کر سکتے ہیں جنہیں انتظامی کاموں میں مدد کی ضرورت ہے۔ Upwork اور Fiverr جیسی ویب سائٹس میں ورچوئل اسسٹنٹ کی بہت ساری نوکریاں ہیں۔

آن لائن ٹرانسکرپشن: آپ کمپنیوں یا افراد کے لیے آڈیو یا ویڈیو فائلوں کو نقل کر کے پیسے کما سکتے ہیں۔ TranscribeMe اور Rev جیسی ویب سائٹیں نقل کی نوکریاں پیش کرتی ہیں۔

یاد رکھیں کہ آن لائن پیسہ کمانے کے لیے صبر، مستقل مزاجی اور محنت کی ضرورت ہوتی ہے۔ ہو سکتا ہے آپ کو فوری طور پر نتائج نظر نہ آئیں، لیکن لگن کے ساتھ، آپ ایک کامیاب آن لائن آمدنی کا سلسلہ بنا سکتے ہیں۔

Freelance Writing: If you have writing skills, you can offer your services as a freelance writer. You can find writing jobs on freelance platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and Freelancer.

Online Tutoring: You can offer your expertise in a particular subject and teach students online. Websites like Chegg, TutorMe, and Skooli offer online tutoring jobs.

Affiliate Marketing: You can promote products on social media or other online platforms and earn a commission on every sale made through your unique affiliate link. Some popular affiliate programs include Amazon Associates, Clickbank, and ShareASale.

Virtual Assistant: You can offer your services as a virtual assistant to businesses or individuals who need help with administrative tasks. Websites like Upwork and Fiverr have a lot of virtual assistant jobs.

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Nigerian News, Latest Nigeria In News. Nigeria News. Your online Nigerian Newspaper.: China Bans Ramadan Fasting In Xinjiang Province

Country
*Afghanistan*
*Albania*
*Algeria*
*Andorra*
*Angola*
*Antigua and Barbuda*
*Argentina*
*Armenia*
*Australia*
*Austria*
*Azerbaijan*
*Bahamas*
*Bahrain*
*Bangladesh*
*Barbados*
*Belarus*
*Belgium*
*Belize*
*Benin*
*Bhutan*
*Bolivia*
*Bosnia and Herzegovina*
*Botswana*
*Brazil*
*Brunei*
*Bulgaria*
*Burkina Faso*
*Burundi*
*Cabo Verde*
*Cambodia*
*Cameroon*
*Canada*
*Central African Republic*
*Chad*
*Chile*
*China*
*Colombia*
*Comoros*
*Congo*
*Costa Rica*
*Croatia*
*Cuba*
*Cyprus*
*Czech Republic (Czechia)*
*Côte d'Ivoire*
*Denmark*
*Djibouti*
*Dominica*
*Dominican Republic*
*DR Congo*
*Ecuador*
*Egypt*
*El Salvador*
*Equatorial Guinea*
*Eritrea*
*Estonia*
*Eswatini*
*Ethiopia*
*Fiji*
*Finland*
*France*
*Gabon*
*Gambia*
*Georgia*
*Germany*
*Ghana*
*Greece*
*Grenada*
*Guatemala*
*Guinea*
*Guinea-Bissau*
*Guyana*
*Haiti*
*Holy See*
*Honduras*
*Hungary*
*Iceland*
*India*
*Indonesia*
*Iran*
*Iraq*
*Ireland*
*Israel*
*Italy*
*Jamaica*
*Japan*
*Jordan*
*Kazakhstan*
*Kenya*
*Kiribati*
*Kuwait*
*Kyrgyzstan*
*Laos*
*Latvia*
*Lebanon*
*Lesotho*
*Liberia*
*Libya*
*Liechtenstein*
*Lithuania*
*Luxembourg*
*Madagascar*
*Malawi*
*Malaysia*
*Maldives*
*Mali*
*Malta*
*Marshall Islands*
*Mauritania*
*Mauritius*
*Mexico*
*Micronesia*
*Moldova*
*Monaco*
*Mongolia*
*Montenegro*
*Morocco*
*Mozambique*
*Myanmar*
*Namibia*
*Nauru*
*Nepal*
*Netherlands*
*New Zealand*
*Nicaragua*
*Niger*
*Nigeria*
*North Korea*
*North Macedonia*
*Norway*
*Oman*
*Pakistan*
*Palau*
*Panama*
*Papua New Guinea*
*Paraguay*
*Peru*
*Philippines*
*Poland*
*Portugal*
*Qatar*
*Romania*
*Russia*
*Rwanda*
*Saint Kitts & Nevis*
*Saint Lucia*
*Samoa*
*San Marino*
*Sao Tome & Principe*
*Saudi Arabia*
*Senegal*
*Serbia*
*Seychelles*
*Sierra Leone*
*Singapore*
*Slovakia*
*Slovenia*
*Solomon Islands*
*Somalia*
*South Africa*
*South Korea*
*South Sudan*
*Spain*
*Sri Lanka*
*St. Vincent & Grenadines*
*State of Palestine*
*Sudan*
*Suriname*
*Sweden*
*Switzerland*
*Syria*
*Tajikistan*
*Tanzania*
*Thailand*
*Timor-Leste*
*Togo*
*Tonga*
*Trinidad and Tobago*
*Tunisia*
*Turkey*
*Turkmenistan*
*Tuvalu*
*Uganda*
*Ukraine*
*United Arab Emirates*
*United Kingdom*
*United States*
*Uruguay*
*Uzbekistan*
*Vanuatu*
*Venezuela*
*Vietnam*
*Yemen*
*Zambia*
*Zimbabwe*

Afghanistan: President Ashraf Ghani Armenia: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Azerbaijan: President Ilham Aliyev Bahrain: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Bangladesh: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Bhutan: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering Brunei: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen China: President Xi Jinping Cyprus: President Nicos Anastasiades Georgia: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi Indonesia: President Joko Widodo Iran: President Ebrahim Raisi
Iraq:
President Barham Salih
Israel: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett
Japan: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida Jordan:
King Abdullah II Kazakhstan: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
Kuwait: Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Kyrgyzstan:
President Sadyr Japarov Laos:
President Thongloun Sisoulith Lebanon:
President Michel Aoun Malaysia:
Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob Maldives:
President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih Mongolia:
President Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Myanmar:
State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (currently under military coup)
Nepal: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba North Korea: Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un Oman: Sultan Haitham bin Tariq
Pakistan: Prime Minister SHABAZ SHARIEF Palestine:
President Mahmoud Abbas Philippines: President Rodrigo Duterte
Qatar: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
Russia: President Vladimir Putin
Saudi Arabia: King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
Singapore: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
South Korea: President Moon Jae-in
Sri Lanka: President Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Syria: President Bashar al-Assad Taiwan:
President Tsai Ing-wen Tajikistan:
President Emomali Rahmon Thailand:
Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha Timor-Leste:
President Francisco Guterres
Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
Turkmenistan: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
United Arab Emirates: President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Uzbekistan: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
Vietnam: President Nguyen Xuan Phuc Yemen:
President Abdrabbuh Mansur Had

1.                       Albania - President Ilir Meta
2.                       Andorra - Head of Government Xavier Espot Zamora
3.                       Austria - Chancellor Sebastian Kurz
4.                       Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko
5.
Belgium - Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
6.                       Bosnia and Herzegovina - Chairman of the Presidency Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, Milorad Dodik
7.                       Bulgaria - Prime Minister Kiril Petkov
8.                       Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković
9.                       Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades
10.             Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala
11.             Denmark - Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
12.             Estonia - Prime Minister Kaja Kallas
13.             Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin
14.             France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex
15.             Germany - Chancellor Olaf Scholz
16.             Greece - Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
17.             Hungary - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
18.             Iceland - President Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir
19.             Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin
20.             Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi
21.             Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti
22.             Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš
23.             Liechtenstein - Head of Government Adrian Hasler
24.             Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė
25.             Luxembourg - Prime Minister Xavier Bettel
26.             Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela
27.             Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița
28.             Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout
29.             Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić
30.             Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte
31.             North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitrov
32.             Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre
33.             Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki
34.             Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa
35.             Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă
36.             Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
37.             San Marino - Captain Regent Gian Carlo Venturini, Captain Regent Luca Santolini
38.             Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić
39.             Slovakia - President Zuzana Čaputová, Prime Minister Eduard Heger
40.             Slovenia - President Borut Pahor, Prime Minister Janez Janša
41.             Spain - King Felipe VI, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez
42.             Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf, Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson
43.             Switzerland - President Guy Parmelin, Vice President Petra Gössi
44.             Ukraine - President Volodymyr Zelensky, Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal
45.             United Kingdom - Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Boris Johnson

Here is a list of current heads of state or government in North America as of my knowledge cutoff date:
Antigua
and Barbuda: Prime Minister Gaston Browne Bahamas: Prime Minister Philip Davis
Barbados: Prime Minister Mia Mottley Belize: Prime Minister Johnny Briceño
Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Costa Rica: President Carlos Alvarado
Cuba: President Miguel Díaz-Canel Dominica: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic: President Luis Abinader El Salvador: President Nayib Bukele
Grenada: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell Guatemala: President Alejandro
Giammattei Haiti: President Ariel Henry Honduras: President Juan Orlando
Hernández Jamaica: Prime Minister Andrew Holness Mexico: President Andrés
Manuel López Obrador Nicaragua: President Daniel Ortega Panama: President
Laurentino Cortizo Saint Kitts and Nevis: Prime Minister Timothy Harris Saint
Lucia: Prime Minister Philip Pierre Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Prime
Minister Ralph Gonsalves Trinidad and Tobago: Prime Minister Keith Rowley
United States of America: President Joe Biden

Here is a list of current heads of state or government in South America as of my knowledge cutoff date:
Argentina:
President Alberto Fernández Bolivia: President Luis Arce Brazil: President Jair
Bolsonaro Chile: President Gabriel Boric (as of 2022, previously President
Sebastián Piñera) Colombia: President Gustavo Petro (as of 2022, previously
President Iván Duque) Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso Guyana: President
Irfaan Ali Paraguay: President Mario Abdo Benítez Peru: President Pedro
Castillo Suriname: President Chan Santokhi Uruguay: President Luis Lacalle Pou
Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (there is a dispute over the legitimacy of
his presidency, with opposition leader Juan Guaidó also claiming to be the
country's interim president)
I'm sorry, but there are no recognized heads of state or government in Antarctica. Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a unique international treaty that regulates the continent's use and protects its environment. The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by 54 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, and China. The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activity, nuclear explosions, and mineral exploitation on the continent. The treaty also establishes the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, which are held annually to discuss and coordinate activities in Antarctica.

head
governme
2 / 2
Sure, here is a list of current heads of state or government in Europe as of my knowledge:
1. Albania - President Ilir Meta, Prime Minister Edi Rama
2. Andorra - Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Co-Prince Emmanuel Macron (representative)
3. Austria - President Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor Karl Nehammer
4. Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko
5. Belgium - King Philippe, Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Members of the Presidency: Šefik Džaferović (Bosniak), Željko Komšić (Croat), Milorad Dodik (Serb)
7. Bulgaria - President Rumen Radev, Prime Minister Stefan Yanev
8. Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković
9. Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ersin Tatar
10.                 Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala
11.                 Denmark - Queen Margrethe II, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
12.                 Estonia - President Kersti Kaljulaid, Prime Minister Kaja Kallas
13.                 Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin
14.                 France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex
15.                 Germany - President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Chancellor Olaf Scholz
16.                 Greece - President Katerina Sakellaropoulou, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
17.                 Hungary - President János Áder, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
18.                 Iceland - President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir
19.                 Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin
20.                 Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi
21.                 Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti
22.                 Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš
23.                 Liechtenstein - Prince Hans-Adam II, Prime Minister Adrian Hasler
24.                 Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė
25.                 Luxembourg - Grand Duke Henri, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel
26.                 Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela
27.                 Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița
28.                 Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout
29.                 Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić
30.                 Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte
31.                 North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitar Kovačevski
32.                 Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre
33.                 Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki
34.                 Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa
35.                 Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă
36.                 Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
37.                 San Marino - Captains Regent Enrico Carattoni and Luca Santolini
38.                 Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić 39

As of my knowledge cutoff date of September 2021, the list of current state or government leaders in Australia is as follows:
1.                       Governor-General: David Hurley
2.                       Prime Minister: Scott Morrison
3.                       Deputy Prime Minister: Barnaby Joyce
4.                       Leader of the Opposition: Anthony Albanese
State and Territory Leaders:
1.                       New South Wales:
·         Premier: Dominic Perrottet
·         Leader of the Opposition: Chris Minns
2.                       Victoria:
·         Premier: Daniel Andrews
·         Leader of the Opposition: Matthew Guy
3.                       Queensland:
·         Premier: Annastacia Palaszczuk
·         Leader of the Opposition: David Crisafulli
4.                       Western Australia:
·         Premier: Mark McGowan
·         Leader of the Opposition: Mia Davies
5.                       South Australia:
·         Premier: Steven Marshall
·         Leader of the Opposition: Peter Malinauskas
6.                       Tasmania:
·         Premier: Peter Gutwein
·         Leader of the Opposition: Rebecca White
7.                       Australian Capital Territory:
·         Chief Minister: Andrew Barr
·         Leader of the Opposition: Elizabeth Lee
8.                       Northern Territory:
·         Chief Minister: Michael Gunner
·         Leader of the Opposition: Lia Finocchiaro
9.                       Algeria: President Abdelmadjid Tebboune Angola: President João Lourenço Benin: President Patrice Talon Botswana: President Mokgweetsi Masisi Burkina Faso: President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Burundi: President Évariste Ndayishimiye Cabo Verde: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca Cameroon: President Paul Biya Central African Republic: President Faustin-Archange Touadéra Chad: President Idriss Déby Comoros: President Azali Assoumani Democratic Republic of the Congo: President Félix Tshisekedi Republic of the Congo: President Denis Sassou Nguesso Côte d'Ivoire: President Alassane Ouattara Djibouti: President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Egypt: President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Equatorial Guinea: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Eritrea: President Isaias Afwerki Eswatini (formerly Swaziland): King Mswati III Ethiopia: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Gabon: President Ali Bongo Ondimba Gambia: President Adama Barrow Ghana: President Nana Akufo-Addo Guinea: President Alpha Condé Guinea-Bissau: President Umaro Sissoco Embaló Kenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta Lesotho: Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro Liberia: President George Weah Libya: Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah Madagascar: President Andry Rajoelina Malawi: President Lazarus Chakwera Mali: President Assimi Goita Mauritania: President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Mauritius: President Prithvirajsing Roopun Morocco: King Mohammed VI Mozambique: President Filipe Nyusi Namibia: President Hage Geingob Niger: President Mohamed Bazoum Nigeria: President Muhammadu Buhari Rwanda: President Paul Kagame São Tomé and Príncipe: President Evaristo Carvalho Senegal: President Macky Sall Seychelles: President Wavel Ramkalawan Sierra Leone: President Julius Maada Bio Somalia: President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa South Sudan: President Salva Kiir Mayardit Sudan: Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok Tanzania: President Samia Suluhu Togo: President Faure Gnassingbé Tunisia: President Kais Saied Uganda: President Yoweri Museveni Zambia: President Hakainde Hichilema Zimbabwe: President Emmerson Mnangagwa
10.
Please note that the list may have
changed due to various reasons such as elections, resignations, or deaths.
The Antarctic Treaty System is not governed by a single individual or head. It is managed by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), which are attended by representatives from all of the treaty's member countries. The ATCM is responsible for the management of the continent and its surrounding waters, including the regulation of scientific research, conservation of living resources, and protection of the environment. The meetings are chaired by a representative from the host country of the meeting, which rotates annually among the treaty parties. So, the chairperson of the ATCM changes every year, depending on the host country
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Nigerian News, Latest Nigeria In News. Nigeria News. Your online Nigerian Newspaper.: China Bans Ramadan Fasting In Xinjiang Province

Afghanistan - President:
Vacant,

Acting

President: Amrullah Saleh Albania - President: Ilir Meta,

Prime Minister: Edi Rama Algeria -

President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune,

Prime Minister:

Aïmene Benabderrahmane

1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison
2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau G
· Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau
4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David Kabua
· Current Head of Government: President David Kabua
5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo
· Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo
6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea
· Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea
7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
· Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape
10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa
11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Tupou VI
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni
13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano
14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman
A fghanistan - President: Vacant, Acting President: Amrullah Saleh
Albania - President: Ilir Meta, Prime Minister: Edi Rama
president of singapore 2022
Algeria - President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Prime Minister: Aïmene Benabderrahmane
Andorra - Co-Princes: Emmanuel Macron (France) and Joan Enric Vives Sicília (Bishop of Urgell, Spain), Head of Government: Xavier Espot Zamora
Angola - President: João Lourenço
Antigua and Barbuda - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Rodney Williams), Prime Minister: Gaston Browne
Argentina - President: Alberto Fernández
Armenia - President: Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Australia - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General David Hurley), Prime Minister: Anthony Albanese
Austria - President: Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor: Karl Nehammer
Azerbaijan - President: Ilham Aliyev
Bahamas - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Cornelius Smith), Prime Minister: Philip Davis
Bahrain - King: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh - President: Abdul Hamid, Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina
Barbados - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sandra Mason), Prime Minister: Mia Mottley
Belarus - President: Alexander Lukashenko, Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko
Belgium - King: Philippe, Prime Minister: Vincent Van Peteghem
Belize - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Froyla Tzalam), Prime Minister: Patrick Faber
Benin - President: Patrice Talon, Prime Minister: Djaló Mamadou
Bhutan - King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering
Bolivia - President: Luis Arce
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Presidency (collective head of state): Šefik Džaferović, Milorad Dodik, Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (head of government): Fadil Novalić
Botswana - President: Mokgweetsi Masisi
Brazil - President: Jair Bolsonaro
Brunei - Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister: Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria - President: Rumen Radev, Prime Minister: Plamen Nikolov
Burkina Faso - President: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime Minister: Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
Burundi - President: Évariste Ndayishimiye
Cambodia - King: Norodom Sihamoni, Prime Minister: Hun Sen
Cameroon - President: Paul Biya, Prime Minister: Joseph Dion Ngute
Canada - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Mary Simon), Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau
Cape Verde - President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca, Prime Minister: José Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva
Central African Republic - President: Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister: Henri-Marie Dondra
Chad - President: Mahamat Déby
Chile - President: Gabriel Boric
China - President: Xi Jinping, Premier: Li Keqiang
Colombia - President: Gustavo Petro
Comoros - President: Azali Ass
1. Algeria - Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2. Angola - João Lourenço
3. Benin - Patrice Talon
4. Botswana - Mokgweetsi Masisi
5. Burkina Faso - Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
6. Burundi - Evariste Ndayishimiye
7. Cameroon - Paul Biya
8. Cape Verde - Jorge Carlos Fonseca
9. Central African Republic - Faustin-Archange Touadéra
10. Chad - Mahamat Déby
11. Comoros - Azali Assoumani
12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - Félix Tshisekedi
13. Republic of the Congo - Denis Sassou Nguesso
14. Djibouti - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
15. Egypt - Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
16. Equatorial Guinea - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
17. Eritrea - Isaias Afwerki
18. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III
19. Ethiopia - Sahle-Work Zewde (President), Abiy Ahmed (Prime Minister)
20. Gabon - Ali Bongo Ondimba
21. The Gambia - Adama Barrow
22. Ghana - Nana Akufo-Addo
23. Guinea - Alpha Condé
24. Guinea-Bissau - Umaro Sissoco Embaló
25. Ivory Coast - Alassane Ouattara
26. Kenya - Uhuru Kenyatta
27. Lesotho - Moeketsi Majoro
28. Liberia - George Weah
29. Libya - Mohammed al-Menfi (President), Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (Prime Minister)
30. Madagascar - Andry Rajoelina
31. Malawi - Lazarus Chakwera
32. Mali - Assimi Goita (President), Choguel Kokalla Maïga (Prime Minister)
33. Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
34. Mauritius - Prithvirajsing Roopun (President), Pravind Jugnauth (Prime Minister)
35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI
36. Mozambique - Filipe Nyusi
37. Namibia - Hage Geingob
38. Niger - Mohamed Bazoum
39. Nigeria - Muhammadu Buhari
40. Rwanda - Paul Kagame
41. Sao Tome and Principe - Carlos Vila Nova
42. Senegal - Macky Sall
43. Seychelles - Wavel Ramkalawan (President), Roger Mancienne (Vice President)
44. Sierra Leone - Julius Maada Bio
45. Somalia - Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
46. South Africa - Cyril Ramaphosa
47. South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit
48. Sudan - Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman of the Sovereignty Council), Abdalla Hamdok (Prime Minister)
49. Tanzania - Samia Suluhu Hassan
50. Togo - Faure Gnassingbé
51. Tunisia - Kais Saied
52. Uganda - Yoweri Museveni
53. Zambia - Hakainde Hichilema
54. Zimbabwe - Emmerson Mnangagwa
1. Albania - Ilir Meta
2. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen
3. Croatia - Zoran Milanović
4. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades
5. Estonia - Alar Karis
6. Finland - Sauli Niinistö
7. France - Emmanuel Macron
8. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou
9. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson
10. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins
11. Italy - Sergio Mattarella
12. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani
13. Latvia - Egils Levits
14. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda
15. Malta - George Vella
16. Moldova - Maia Sandu
17. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
18. Romania - Klaus Iohannis
19. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić
20. Slovenia - Borut Pahor
21. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová
22. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin
1. Albania - Ilir Meta
2. Andorra - Xavier Espot Zamora
3. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen
4. Belarus - Alexander Lukashenko
5. Belgium - King Philippe
6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, and Milorad Dodik (Presidency)
7. Bulgaria - Rumen Radev
8. Croatia - Zoran Milanović
9. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades
10. Czech Republic - Miloš Zeman
11. Estonia - Alar Karis
12. Finland - Sauli Niinistö
13. France - Emmanuel Macron
14. Georgia - Salome Zourabichvili
15. Germany - Frank-Walter Steinmeier
16. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou
17. Hungary - János Áder
18. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson
19. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins
20. Italy - Sergio Mattarella
21. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani
22. Latvia - Egils Levits
23. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda
24. Malta - George Vella
25. Moldova - Maia Sandu
26. Montenegro - Milo Đukanović
27. North Macedonia - Stevo Pendarovski
28. Norway - King Harald V
29. Poland - Andrzej Duda
30. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
31. Romania - Klaus Iohannis
32. Russia - Vladimir Putin
33. San Marino - Alessandro Mancini
34. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić
35. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová
36. Slovenia - Borut Pahor
37. Spain - King Felipe VI
38. Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf
39. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin
40. Turkey - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
41. Ukraine - Volodymyr Zelensky
42. United Kingdom - King Charles III (as of September 2021)
43. Vatican City - Pope Francis
It's important to note that the above list is current as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021 and that the political situations and leadership in each country may change over tim
Here is a list of the current Heads of State or Government of the 54 countries in Africa, organized alphabetically by country:
1. Algeria - President Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2. Angola - President João Lourenço
3. Benin - President Patrice Talon
4. Botswana - President Mokgweetsi Masisi
5. Burkina Faso - President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
6. Burundi - President Évariste Ndayishimiye
7. Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) - President Jorge Carlos Fonseca
8. Cameroon - President Paul Biya
9. Central African Republic - President Faustin-Archange Touadéra
10. Chad - President Mahamat Déby Itno
11. Comoros - President Azali Assoumani
12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - President Félix Tshisekedi
13. Republic of the Congo - President Denis Sassou Nguesso
14. Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - President Alassane Ouattara
15. Djibouti - President Ismail Omar Guelleh
16. Egypt - President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
17. Equatorial Guinea - President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
18. Eritrea - President Isaias Afwerki
19. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III
20. Ethiopia - Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed
21. Gabon - President Ali Bongo Ondimba
22. The Gambia - President Adama Barrow
23. Ghana - President Nana Akufo-Addo
24. Guinea - President Alpha Condé
25. Guinea-Bissau - President Umaro Sissoco Embaló
26. Kenya - President Uhuru Kenyatta
27. Lesotho - Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro
28. Liberia - President George Weah
29. Libya - Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah
30. Madagascar - President Andry Rajoelina
31. Malawi - President Lazarus Chakwera
32. Mali - Interim President Assimi Goïta
33. Mauritania - President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
34. Mauritius - President Prithvirajsing Roopun
35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI
36. Mozambique - President Filipe Nyusi
37. Namibia - President Hage Geingob
38. Niger - President Mohamed Bazoum
39. Nigeria - President Muhammadu Buhari
40. Rwanda - President Paul Kagame
41. Sao Tome and Principe - President Evaristo Carvalho
42. Senegal - President Macky Sall
43. Seychelles - President Wavel Ramkalawan
44. Sierra Leone - President Julius Maada Bio
45. Somalia - President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (Farmajo)
46. South Africa - President Cyril Ramaphosa
47. South Sudan - President Salva Kiir Mayardit
48. Sudan - Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok
49. Tanzania - President Samia Suluhu Hassan
50. Togo - President Faure Gnassingbé
51. Tunisia - President Kais Saied
52. Uganda - President Yoweri Museveni
53. Zambia - President Hakainde Hichilema
54. Zimbabwe - President Emmerson Mnangagwa
Please note that the list is current as of my knowledge cutoff date, and the leadership of some countries may have changed since then.

Here is a list of the current heads of state/government for the countries in South America:
1. Argentina - President Alberto Fernández
2. Bolivia - President Luis Arce
3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonar

3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonaro
4. Chile - President Gabriel Boric (as of March 11, 2022)
5. Colombia - President Gustavo Petro (as of August 7, 2022)
6. Ecuador - President Guillermo Lasso
7. Guyana - President Irfaan Ali
8. Paraguay - President Mario Abdo Benítez
9. Peru - President Pedro Castillo
10. Suriname - President Chan Santokhi
11. Uruguay - President Luis Lacalle Pou
12. Venezuela - President Nicolás Maduro
Note: As with any political leadership, this information is subject to change.
1. United States of America - President Joe Biden
2. Canada - Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
3. Mexico - President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
4. Cuba - President Miguel Díaz-Canel
5. Dominican Republic - President Luis Abinader
6. Guatemala - President Alejandro Giammattei
7. Haiti - President Ariel Henry
8. Honduras - President Xiomara Castro
9. Jamaica - Prime Minister Andrew Holness
10.Nicaragua - President Daniel Ortega
11.Panama - President Laurentino Cortizo
12.Costa Rica - President Carlos Alvarado
13.El Salvador - President Nayib Bukele
14.Belize - Prime Minister Johnny Briceño
15.The Bahamas - Prime Minister Philip Davis
16.Saint Kitts and Nevis - Prime Minister Timothy Harris
17.Saint Lucia - Prime Minister Philip Pierre
18.Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
19.Trinidad and Tobago - Prime Minister Keith Rowley
· Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Julie Payette)
· Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
· Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
United States of America:
· Head of State and Head of Government: President Joe Biden
· Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
Mexico:
· Head of State and Head of Government: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
· Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
Greenland:
· Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (represented by High Commissioner Mikaela Engell)
· Head of Government: Premier Múte Bourup Egede
· Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy (self-governing overseas territory of Denmark)
Note: There are several other countries and territories in North America, such as the Caribbean nations and territories, but they do not have parliamentary systems of government.

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government
I'm sorry, but there are currently no countries in North America with parliamentary systems of government. Parliamentary systems of government are characterized by a fusion of the executive and legislative branches, with the head of government (usually called the Prime Minister) being selected from the ruling party or coalition in the parliament.
The countries in North America have various forms of government, including federal presidential republics (such as the United States and Mexico), parliamentary constitutional monarchies (such as Canada), and self-governing overseas territories (such as Greenland). However, none of these countries have parliamentary systems of government.

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government.rliamentary system of
ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY 2. Antarctica AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government 2. Antarctica
Antarctica is a continent, but it is not governed by any one country or head of state. Instead, it is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a series of international agreements that aim to protect the continent and promote scientific research. The treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, and has since been joined by over 50 other countries.
The Antarctic Treaty System establishes a framework for the governance of Antarctica, including regulations on environmental protection and scientific research. The system is overseen by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, which is made up of representatives from all the countries that have signed the treaty. The meeting is held annually to discuss issues related to Antarctica and make decisions about its governance.
Since Antarctica is not governed by any one country or head of state, it does not have a parliamentary system of government or any other type of government. Instead, the governance of Antarctica is based on international cooperation and the principles of the Antarctic Treaty System.

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government Australia/Oceania
Here are the countries in Australia/Oceania and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State:
1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison
2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau
· Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau
4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David Kabua
· Current Head of Government: President David Kabua
5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo
· Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo
6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea
· Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea
7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
· Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape
10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa
11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Tupou VI
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni
13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano
14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government 2. Asia
Here are the countries in Asia and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State:
1. Afghanistan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ashraf Ghani
· Current Head of Government: President Ashraf Ghani
2. Armenia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Armen Sarkissian
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan
3. Azerbaijan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev
· Current Head of Government: President Ilham Aliyev
4. Bahrain - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
5. Bangladesh - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Abdul Hamid
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
6. Bhutan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering
7. Brunei - Absolute Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
8. Cambodia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen
9. China - One-Party State with a Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Xi Jinping
· Current Head of Government: Premier Li Keqiang
10. Cyprus - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Nicos Anastasiades
· Current Head of Government: President Nicos Anastasiades
11. Georgia - Semi-Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Salome Zourabichvili
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili
12. India - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ram Nath Kovind
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
13. Indonesia - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Joko Widodo
· Current Head of Government: President Joko Widodo
14. Iran - Theocratic Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei
· Current Head of Government: President Ebrahim Raisi
15. Iraq - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Barham Salih
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
16. Israel - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Isaac Herzog
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett
17. Japan - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Emperor Naruhito
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida
18. Jordan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Abdullah II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bisher al-Khasawneh
19. Kazakhstan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister

·

·         Afghanistan: President Ashraf Ghani Armenia: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan Azerbaijan: President Ilham Aliyev Bahrain: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa Bangladesh: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Bhutan: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering Brunei: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Cambodia: Prime Minister Hun Sen China: President Xi Jinping Cyprus: President Nicos Anastasiades Georgia: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili India: Prime Minister Narendra Modi Indonesia: President Joko Widodo Iran: President Ebrahim Raisi
·          Iraq:
·         President Barham Salih
·         Israel: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett
·          Japan: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida Jordan:
·         King Abdullah II Kazakhstan: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
·         Kuwait: Emir Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah Kyrgyzstan:
·         President Sadyr Japarov Laos:
·          President Thongloun Sisoulith Lebanon:
·          President Michel Aoun Malaysia:
·         Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob Maldives:
·          President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih Mongolia:
·          President Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh Myanmar:
·          State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi (currently under military coup)
·         Nepal: Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba North Korea: Supreme Leader Kim Jong-un Oman: Sultan Haitham bin Tariq
·         Pakistan: Prime Minister SHABAZ SHARIEF Palestine:
·          President Mahmoud Abbas Philippines: President Rodrigo Duterte
·         Qatar: Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani
·          Russia: President Vladimir Putin
·         Saudi Arabia: King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
·          Singapore: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
·         South Korea: President Moon Jae-in
·          Sri Lanka: President Gotabaya Rajapaksa
·         Syria: President Bashar al-Assad Taiwan:
·         President Tsai Ing-wen Tajikistan:
·         President Emomali Rahmon Thailand:
·         Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha Timor-Leste:
·          President Francisco Guterres
·          Turkey: President Recep Tayyip Erdogan
·          Turkmenistan: President Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow
·          United Arab Emirates: President Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan
·         Uzbekistan: President Shavkat Mirziyoyev
·         Vietnam: President Nguyen Xuan Phuc Yemen:
·          President Abdrabbuh Mansur Had
·
·         1.                       Albania - President Ilir Meta
·         2.                       Andorra - Head of Government Xavier Espot Zamora
·         3.                       Austria - Chancellor Sebastian Kurz
·         4.                       Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko
·         5.                       Belgium - Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
·         6.                       Bosnia and Herzegovina - Chairman of the Presidency Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, Milorad Dodik
·         7.                       Bulgaria - Prime Minister Kiril Petkov
·         8.                       Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković
·         9.                       Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades
·         10.             Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala
·         11.             Denmark - Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
·         12.             Estonia - Prime Minister Kaja Kallas
·         13.             Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin
·         14.             France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex
·         15.             Germany - Chancellor Olaf Scholz
·         16.             Greece - Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
·         17.             Hungary - Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
·         18.             Iceland - President Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir
·         19.             Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin
·         20.             Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi
·         21.             Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti
·         22.             Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš
·         23.             Liechtenstein - Head of Government Adrian Hasler
·         24.             Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė
·         25.             Luxembourg - Prime Minister Xavier Bettel
·         26.             Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela
·         27.             Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița
·         28.             Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout
·         29.             Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić
·         30.             Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte
·         31.             North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitrov
·         32.             Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre
·         33.             Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki
·         34.             Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa
·         35.             Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă
·         36.             Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
·         37.             San Marino - Captain Regent Gian Carlo Venturini, Captain Regent Luca Santolini
·         38.             Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić
·         39.             Slovakia - President Zuzana Čaputová, Prime Minister Eduard Heger
·         40.             Slovenia - President Borut Pahor, Prime Minister Janez Janša
·         41.             Spain - King Felipe VI, Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez
·         42.             Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf, Prime Minister Magdalena Andersson
·         43.             Switzerland - President Guy Parmelin, Vice President Petra Gössi
·         44.             Ukraine - President Volodymyr Zelensky, Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal
·         45.             United Kingdom - Queen Elizabeth II, Prime Minister Boris Johnson
·
·         Here is a list of current heads of state or government in North America as of my knowledge cutoff date:
·         Antigua
·         and Barbuda: Prime Minister Gaston Browne Bahamas: Prime Minister Philip Davis
·         Barbados: Prime Minister Mia Mottley Belize: Prime Minister Johnny Briceño
·         Canada: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Costa Rica: President Carlos Alvarado
·         Cuba: President Miguel Díaz-Canel Dominica: Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
·         Dominican Republic: President Luis Abinader El Salvador: President Nayib Bukele
·         Grenada: Prime Minister Keith Mitchell Guatemala: President Alejandro
·         Giammattei Haiti: President Ariel Henry Honduras: President Juan Orlando
·         Hernández Jamaica: Prime Minister Andrew Holness Mexico: President Andrés
·         Manuel López Obrador Nicaragua: President Daniel Ortega Panama: President
·         Laurentino Cortizo Saint Kitts and Nevis: Prime Minister Timothy Harris Saint
·         Lucia: Prime Minister Philip Pierre Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: Prime
·         Minister Ralph Gonsalves Trinidad and Tobago: Prime Minister Keith Rowley
·         United States of America: President Joe Biden
·
·
·
·         Here is a list of current heads of state or government in South America as of my knowledge cutoff date:
·         Argentina:
·         President Alberto Fernández Bolivia: President Luis Arce Brazil: President Jair
·         Bolsonaro Chile: President Gabriel Boric (as of 2022, previously President
·         Sebastián Piñera) Colombia: President Gustavo Petro (as of 2022, previously
·         President Iván Duque) Ecuador: President Guillermo Lasso Guyana: President
·         Irfaan Ali Paraguay: President Mario Abdo Benítez Peru: President Pedro
·         Castillo Suriname: President Chan Santokhi Uruguay: President Luis Lacalle Pou
·         Venezuela: President Nicolás Maduro (there is a dispute over the legitimacy of
·         his presidency, with opposition leader Juan Guaidó also claiming to be the
·         country's interim president)
·         I'm sorry, but there are no recognized heads of state or government in Antarctica. Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a unique international treaty that regulates the continent's use and protects its environment. The treaty was signed in 1959 and has been ratified by 54 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, and China. The treaty sets aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve and prohibits military activity, nuclear explosions, and mineral exploitation on the continent. The treaty also establishes the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings, which are held annually to discuss and coordinate activities in Antarctica.
·
·
·         head

·          governme
·         2 / 2
·         Sure, here is a list of current heads of state or government in Europe as of my knowledge:
·         1. Albania - President Ilir Meta, Prime Minister Edi Rama
·         2. Andorra - Co-Prince Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Co-Prince Emmanuel Macron (representative)
·         3. Austria - President Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor Karl Nehammer
·         4. Belarus - President Alexander Lukashenko
·         5. Belgium - King Philippe, Prime Minister Alexander De Croo
·         6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Members of the Presidency: Šefik Džaferović (Bosniak), Željko Komšić (Croat), Milorad Dodik (Serb)
·         7. Bulgaria - President Rumen Radev, Prime Minister Stefan Yanev
·         8. Croatia - President Zoran Milanović, Prime Minister Andrej Plenković
·         9. Cyprus - President Nicos Anastasiades, President of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ersin Tatar
·         10.                 Czech Republic - President Miloš Zeman, Prime Minister Petr Fiala
·         11.                 Denmark - Queen Margrethe II, Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen
·         12.                 Estonia - President Kersti Kaljulaid, Prime Minister Kaja Kallas
·         13.                 Finland - President Sauli Niinistö, Prime Minister Sanna Marin
·         14.                 France - President Emmanuel Macron, Prime Minister Jean Castex
·         15.                 Germany - President Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Chancellor Olaf Scholz
·         16.                 Greece - President Katerina Sakellaropoulou, Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis
·         17.                 Hungary - President János Áder, Prime Minister Viktor Orbán
·         18.                 Iceland - President Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Prime Minister Katrín Jakobsdóttir
·         19.                 Ireland - President Michael D. Higgins, Taoiseach Micheál Martin
·         20.                 Italy - President Sergio Mattarella, Prime Minister Mario Draghi
·         21.                 Kosovo - President Vjosa Osmani, Prime Minister Albin Kurti
·         22.                 Latvia - President Egils Levits, Prime Minister Arturs Krišjānis Kariņš
·         23.                 Liechtenstein - Prince Hans-Adam II, Prime Minister Adrian Hasler
·         24.                 Lithuania - President Gitanas Nausėda, Prime Minister Ingrida Šimonytė
·         25.                 Luxembourg - Grand Duke Henri, Prime Minister Xavier Bettel
·         26.                 Malta - President George Vella, Prime Minister Robert Abela
·         27.                 Moldova - President Maia Sandu, Prime Minister Natalia Gavrilița
·         28.                 Monaco - Prince Albert II, Minister of State Pierre Dartout
·         29.                 Montenegro - President Milo Đukanović, Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapić
·         30.                 Netherlands - King Willem-Alexander, Prime Minister Mark Rutte
·         31.                 North Macedonia - President Stevo Pendarovski, Prime Minister Dimitar Kovačevski
·         32.                 Norway - King Harald V, Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Støre
·         33.                 Poland - President Andrzej Duda, Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki
·         34.                 Portugal - President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Prime Minister António Costa
·         35.                 Romania - President Klaus Iohannis, Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă
·         36.                 Russia - President Vladimir Putin, Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin
·         37.                 San Marino - Captains Regent Enrico Carattoni and Luca Santolini
·         38.                 Serbia - President Aleksandar Vučić, Prime Minister Ana Brnabić 39
·
·
·
·         As of my knowledge cutoff date of September 2021, the list of current state or government leaders in Australia is as follows:
·         1.                       Governor-General: David Hurley
·         2.                       Prime Minister: Scott Morrison
·         3.                       Deputy Prime Minister: Barnaby Joyce
·         4.                       Leader of the Opposition: Anthony Albanese
·         State and Territory Leaders:
·         1.                       New South Wales:
·         ·         Premier: Dominic Perrottet
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Chris Minns
·         2.                       Victoria:
·         ·         Premier: Daniel Andrews
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Matthew Guy
·         3.                       Queensland:
·         ·         Premier: Annastacia Palaszczuk
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: David Crisafulli
·         4.                       Western Australia:
·         ·         Premier: Mark McGowan
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Mia Davies
·         5.                       South Australia:
·         ·         Premier: Steven Marshall
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Peter Malinauskas
·         6.                       Tasmania:
·         ·         Premier: Peter Gutwein
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Rebecca White
·         7.                       Australian Capital Territory:
·         ·         Chief Minister: Andrew Barr
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Elizabeth Lee
·         8.                       Northern Territory:
·         ·         Chief Minister: Michael Gunner
·         ·         Leader of the Opposition: Lia Finocchiaro
·         9.                       Algeria: President Abdelmadjid Tebboune Angola: President João Lourenço Benin: President Patrice Talon Botswana: President Mokgweetsi Masisi Burkina Faso: President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré Burundi: President Évariste Ndayishimiye Cabo Verde: President Jorge Carlos Fonseca Cameroon: President Paul Biya Central African Republic: President Faustin-Archange Touadéra Chad: President Idriss Déby Comoros: President Azali Assoumani Democratic Republic of the Congo: President Félix Tshisekedi Republic of the Congo: President Denis Sassou Nguesso Côte d'Ivoire: President Alassane Ouattara Djibouti: President Ismaïl Omar Guelleh Egypt: President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Equatorial Guinea: President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo Eritrea: President Isaias Afwerki Eswatini (formerly Swaziland): King Mswati III Ethiopia: Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed Gabon: President Ali Bongo Ondimba Gambia: President Adama Barrow Ghana: President Nana Akufo-Addo Guinea: President Alpha Condé Guinea-Bissau: President Umaro Sissoco Embaló Kenya: President Uhuru Kenyatta Lesotho: Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro Liberia: President George Weah Libya: Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah Madagascar: President Andry Rajoelina Malawi: President Lazarus Chakwera Mali: President Assimi Goita Mauritania: President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani Mauritius: President Prithvirajsing Roopun Morocco: King Mohammed VI Mozambique: President Filipe Nyusi Namibia: President Hage Geingob Niger: President Mohamed Bazoum Nigeria: President Muhammadu Buhari Rwanda: President Paul Kagame São Tomé and Príncipe: President Evaristo Carvalho Senegal: President Macky Sall Seychelles: President Wavel Ramkalawan Sierra Leone: President Julius Maada Bio Somalia: President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa South Sudan: President Salva Kiir Mayardit Sudan: Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok Tanzania: President Samia Suluhu Togo: President Faure Gnassingbé Tunisia: President Kais Saied Uganda: President Yoweri Museveni Zambia: President Hakainde Hichilema Zimbabwe: President Emmerson Mnangagwa
·         10.
·         Please note that the list may have
·         changed due to various reasons such as elections, resignations, or deaths.
·         The Antarctic Treaty System is not governed by a single individual or head. It is managed by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings (ATCM), which are attended by representatives from all of the treaty's member countries. The ATCM is responsible for the management of the continent and its surrounding waters, including the regulation of scientific research, conservation of living resources, and protection of the environment. The meetings are chaired by a representative from the host country of the meeting, which rotates annually among the treaty parties. So, the chairperson of the ATCM changes every year, depending on the ho
§
§  Afghanistan - President:
§   Vacant,
§
§   Acting
§  President: Amrullah Saleh Albania - President: Ilir Meta,
§  Prime Minister: Edi Rama Algeria -
§  President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune,
§   Prime Minister:
§   Aïmene Benabderrahmane
§   Andorra - Co-Princes: Emmanuel Macron (France) and Joan Enric Vives Sicília (Bishop of Urgell, Spain), Head of Government: Xavier Espot Zamora Angola - President: João Lourenço Antigua and Barbuda - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Rodney Williams), Prime Minister: Gaston Browne Argentina - President: Alberto Fernández Armenia - President: Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan Australia - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General David Hurley), Prime Minister: Anthony Albanese Austria - President: Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor: Karl Nehammer Azerbaijan - President: Ilham Aliyev Bahamas - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Cornelius Smith), Prime Minister: Philip Davis Bahrain - King: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Bangladesh - President: Abdul Hamid, Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina Barbados - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sandra Mason), Prime Minister: Mia Mottley Belarus - President: Alexander Lukashenko, Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko Belgium - King: Philippe, Prime Minister: Vincent Van Peteghem Belize - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Froyla Tzalam), Prime Minister: Patrick Faber Benin - President: Patrice Talon, Prime Minister: Djaló Mamadou Bhutan - King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering Bolivia - President: Luis Arce Bosnia and Herzegovina - Presidency (collective head of state): Šefik Džaferović, Milorad Dodik, Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (head of government): Fadil Novalić Botswana - President: Mokgweetsi Masisi Brazil - President: Jair Bolsonaro Brunei - Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister: Hassanal Bolkiah Bulgaria - President: Rumen Radev, Prime Minister: Plamen Nikolov Burkina Faso - President: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime Minister: Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré Burundi - President: Évariste Ndayishimiye Cambodia - King: Norodom Sihamoni, Prime Minister: Hun Sen Cameroon -
§  President: Paul Biya, Prime Minister: Joseph Dion Ngute Canada - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Mary Simon), Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau Cape Verde - President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca, Prime Minister: José Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva Central African Republic - President: Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister: Henri-Marie Dondra Chad - President: Mahamat Déby Chile - President: Gabriel Boric China - President: Xi Jinping, Premier: Li Keqiang Colombia - President: Gustavo Petro Comoros - President: Azali As
§


1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison
2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau                                                                                 G
· Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau
4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David Kabua
· Current Head of Government: President David Kabua
5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo
· Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo
6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea
· Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea
7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
· Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape
10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa
11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Tupou VI
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni
13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano
14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman
A fghanistan - President: Vacant, Acting President: Amrullah Saleh
Albania - President: Ilir Meta, Prime Minister: Edi Rama
president of singapore 2022
Algeria - President: Abdelmadjid Tebboune, Prime Minister: Aïmene Benabderrahmane
Andorra - Co-Princes: Emmanuel Macron (France) and Joan Enric Vives Sicília (Bishop of Urgell, Spain), Head of Government: Xavier Espot Zamora
Angola - President: João Lourenço
Antigua and Barbuda - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Rodney Williams), Prime Minister: Gaston Browne
Argentina - President: Alberto Fernández
Armenia - President: Armen Sarkissian, Prime Minister: Nikol Pashinyan
Australia - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General David Hurley), Prime Minister: Anthony Albanese
Austria - President: Alexander Van der Bellen, Chancellor: Karl Nehammer
Azerbaijan - President: Ilham Aliyev
Bahamas - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Cornelius Smith), Prime Minister: Philip Davis
Bahrain - King: Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, Prime Minister: Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh - President: Abdul Hamid, Prime Minister: Sheikh Hasina
Barbados - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Sandra Mason), Prime Minister: Mia Mottley
Belarus - President: Alexander Lukashenko, Prime Minister: Roman Golovchenko
Belgium - King: Philippe, Prime Minister: Vincent Van Peteghem
Belize - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor-General Froyla Tzalam), Prime Minister: Patrick Faber
Benin - President: Patrice Talon, Prime Minister: Djaló Mamadou
Bhutan - King: Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, Prime Minister: Lotay Tshering
Bolivia - President: Luis Arce
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Presidency (collective head of state): Šefik Džaferović, Milorad Dodik, Željko Komšić, Chairman of the Council of Ministers (head of government): Fadil Novalić
Botswana - President: Mokgweetsi Masisi
Brazil - President: Jair Bolsonaro
Brunei - Sultan: Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister: Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria - President: Rumen Radev, Prime Minister: Plamen Nikolov
Burkina Faso - President: Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, Prime Minister: Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré
Burundi - President: Évariste Ndayishimiye
Cambodia - King: Norodom Sihamoni, Prime Minister: Hun Sen
Cameroon - President: Paul Biya, Prime Minister: Joseph Dion Ngute
Canada - Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Mary Simon), Prime Minister: Justin Trudeau
Cape Verde - President: Jorge Carlos Fonseca, Prime Minister: José Ulisses de Pina Correia e Silva
Central African Republic - President: Faustin-Archange Touadéra, Prime Minister: Henri-Marie Dondra
Chad - President: Mahamat Déby
Chile - President: Gabriel Boric
China - President: Xi Jinping, Premier: Li Keqiang
Colombia - President: Gustavo Petro
Comoros - President: Azali Ass
1. Algeria - Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2. Angola - João Lourenço
3. Benin - Patrice Talon
4. Botswana - Mokgweetsi Masisi
5. Burkina Faso - Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
6. Burundi - Evariste Ndayishimiye
7. Cameroon - Paul Biya
8. Cape Verde - Jorge Carlos Fonseca
9. Central African Republic - Faustin-Archange Touadéra
10. Chad - Mahamat Déby
11. Comoros - Azali Assoumani
12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - Félix Tshisekedi
13. Republic of the Congo - Denis Sassou Nguesso
14. Djibouti - Ismaïl Omar Guelleh
15. Egypt - Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
16. Equatorial Guinea - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
17. Eritrea - Isaias Afwerki
18. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III
19. Ethiopia - Sahle-Work Zewde (President), Abiy Ahmed (Prime Minister)
20. Gabon - Ali Bongo Ondimba
21. The Gambia - Adama Barrow
22. Ghana - Nana Akufo-Addo
23. Guinea - Alpha Condé
24. Guinea-Bissau - Umaro Sissoco Embaló
25. Ivory Coast - Alassane Ouattara
26. Kenya - Uhuru Kenyatta
27. Lesotho - Moeketsi Majoro
28. Liberia - George Weah
29. Libya - Mohammed al-Menfi (President), Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (Prime Minister)
30. Madagascar - Andry Rajoelina
31. Malawi - Lazarus Chakwera
32. Mali - Assimi Goita (President), Choguel Kokalla Maïga (Prime Minister)
33. Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
34. Mauritius - Prithvirajsing Roopun (President), Pravind Jugnauth (Prime Minister)
35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI
36. Mozambique - Filipe Nyusi
37. Namibia - Hage Geingob
38. Niger - Mohamed Bazoum
39. Nigeria - Muhammadu Buhari
40. Rwanda - Paul Kagame
41. Sao Tome and Principe - Carlos Vila Nova
42. Senegal - Macky Sall
43. Seychelles - Wavel Ramkalawan (President), Roger Mancienne (Vice President)
44. Sierra Leone - Julius Maada Bio
45. Somalia - Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed
46. South Africa - Cyril Ramaphosa
47. South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit
48. Sudan - Abdel Fattah al-Burhan (Chairman of the Sovereignty Council), Abdalla Hamdok (Prime Minister)
49. Tanzania - Samia Suluhu Hassan
50. Togo - Faure Gnassingbé
51. Tunisia - Kais Saied
52. Uganda - Yoweri Museveni
53. Zambia - Hakainde Hichilema
54. Zimbabwe - Emmerson Mnangagwa
1. Albania - Ilir Meta
2. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen
3. Croatia - Zoran Milanović
4. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades
5. Estonia - Alar Karis
6. Finland - Sauli Niinistö
7. France - Emmanuel Macron
8. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou
9. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson
10. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins
11. Italy - Sergio Mattarella
12. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani
13. Latvia - Egils Levits
14. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda
15. Malta - George Vella
16. Moldova - Maia Sandu
17. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
18. Romania - Klaus Iohannis
19. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić
20. Slovenia - Borut Pahor
21. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová
22. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin
1. Albania - Ilir Meta
2. Andorra - Xavier Espot Zamora
3. Austria - Alexander Van der Bellen
4. Belarus - Alexander Lukashenko
5. Belgium - King Philippe
6. Bosnia and Herzegovina - Šefik Džaferović, Željko Komšić, and Milorad Dodik (Presidency)
7. Bulgaria - Rumen Radev
8. Croatia - Zoran Milanović
9. Cyprus - Nicos Anastasiades
10. Czech Republic - Miloš Zeman
11. Estonia - Alar Karis
12. Finland - Sauli Niinistö
13. France - Emmanuel Macron
14. Georgia - Salome Zourabichvili
15. Germany - Frank-Walter Steinmeier
16. Greece - Katerina Sakellaropoulou
17. Hungary - János Áder
18. Iceland - Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson
19. Ireland - Michael D. Higgins
20. Italy - Sergio Mattarella
21. Kosovo - Vjosa Osmani
22. Latvia - Egils Levits
23. Lithuania - Gitanas Nausėda
24. Malta - George Vella
25. Moldova - Maia Sandu
26. Montenegro - Milo Đukanović
27. North Macedonia - Stevo Pendarovski
28. Norway - King Harald V
29. Poland - Andrzej Duda
30. Portugal - Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
31. Romania - Klaus Iohannis
32. Russia - Vladimir Putin
33. San Marino - Alessandro Mancini
34. Serbia - Aleksandar Vučić
35. Slovakia - Zuzana Čaputová
36. Slovenia - Borut Pahor
37. Spain - King Felipe VI
38. Sweden - King Carl XVI Gustaf
39. Switzerland - Guy Parmelin
40. Turkey - Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
41. Ukraine - Volodymyr Zelensky
42. United Kingdom - King Charles III (as of September 2021)
43. Vatican City - Pope Francis
It's important to note that the above list is current as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2021 and that the political situations and leadership in each country may change over tim
Here is a list of the current Heads of State or Government of the 54 countries in Africa, organized alphabetically by country:
1. Algeria - President Abdelmadjid Tebboune
2. Angola - President João Lourenço
3. Benin - President Patrice Talon
4. Botswana - President Mokgweetsi Masisi
5. Burkina Faso - President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
6. Burundi - President Évariste Ndayishimiye
7. Cabo Verde (Cape Verde) - President Jorge Carlos Fonseca
8. Cameroon - President Paul Biya
9. Central African Republic - President Faustin-Archange Touadéra
10. Chad - President Mahamat Déby Itno
11. Comoros - President Azali Assoumani
12. Democratic Republic of the Congo - President Félix Tshisekedi
13. Republic of the Congo - President Denis Sassou Nguesso
14. Cote d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) - President Alassane Ouattara
15. Djibouti - President Ismail Omar Guelleh
16. Egypt - President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
17. Equatorial Guinea - President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
18. Eritrea - President Isaias Afwerki
19. Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) - King Mswati III
20. Ethiopia - Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed
21. Gabon - President Ali Bongo Ondimba
22. The Gambia - President Adama Barrow
23. Ghana - President Nana Akufo-Addo
24. Guinea - President Alpha Condé
25. Guinea-Bissau - President Umaro Sissoco Embaló
26. Kenya - President Uhuru Kenyatta
27. Lesotho - Prime Minister Moeketsi Majoro
28. Liberia - President George Weah
29. Libya - Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah
30. Madagascar - President Andry Rajoelina
31. Malawi - President Lazarus Chakwera
32. Mali - Interim President Assimi Goïta
33. Mauritania - President Mohamed Ould Ghazouani
34. Mauritius - President Prithvirajsing Roopun
35. Morocco - King Mohammed VI
36. Mozambique - President Filipe Nyusi
37. Namibia - President Hage Geingob
38. Niger - President Mohamed Bazoum
39. Nigeria - President Muhammadu Buhari
40. Rwanda - President Paul Kagame
41. Sao Tome and Principe - President Evaristo Carvalho
42. Senegal - President Macky Sall
43. Seychelles - President Wavel Ramkalawan
44. Sierra Leone - President Julius Maada Bio
45. Somalia - President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed (Farmajo)
46. South Africa - President Cyril Ramaphosa
47. South Sudan - President Salva Kiir Mayardit
48. Sudan - Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok
49. Tanzania - President Samia Suluhu Hassan
50. Togo - President Faure Gnassingbé
51. Tunisia - President Kais Saied
52. Uganda - President Yoweri Museveni
53. Zambia - President Hakainde Hichilema
54. Zimbabwe - President Emmerson Mnangagwa
Please note that the list is current as of my knowledge cutoff date, and the leadership of some countries may have changed since then.

Here is a list of the current heads of state/government for the countries in South America:
1. Argentina - President Alberto Fernández
2. Bolivia - President Luis Arce
3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonar

3. Brazil - President Jair Bolsonaro
4. Chile - President Gabriel Boric (as of March 11, 2022)
5. Colombia - President Gustavo Petro (as of August 7, 2022)
6. Ecuador - President Guillermo Lasso
7. Guyana - President Irfaan Ali
8. Paraguay - President Mario Abdo Benítez
9. Peru - President Pedro Castillo
10. Suriname - President Chan Santokhi
11. Uruguay - President Luis Lacalle Pou
12. Venezuela - President Nicolás Maduro
Note: As with any political leadership, this information is subject to change.
1. United States of America - President Joe Biden
2. Canada - Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
3. Mexico - President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
4. Cuba - President Miguel Díaz-Canel
5. Dominican Republic - President Luis Abinader
6. Guatemala - President Alejandro Giammattei
7. Haiti - President Ariel Henry
8. Honduras - President Xiomara Castro
9. Jamaica - Prime Minister Andrew Holness
10.Nicaragua - President Daniel Ortega
11.Panama - President Laurentino Cortizo
12.Costa Rica - President Carlos Alvarado
13.El Salvador - President Nayib Bukele
14.Belize - Prime Minister Johnny Briceño
15.The Bahamas - Prime Minister Philip Davis
16.Saint Kitts and Nevis - Prime Minister Timothy Harris
17.Saint Lucia - Prime Minister Philip Pierre
18.Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Prime Minister Ralph Gonsalves
19.Trinidad and Tobago - Prime Minister Keith Rowley
· Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by Governor General Julie Payette)
· Head of Government: Prime Minister Justin Trudeau
· Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
United States of America:
· Head of State and Head of Government: President Joe Biden
· Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
Mexico:
· Head of State and Head of Government: President Andrés Manuel López Obrador
· Form of Government: Federal presidential constitutional republic
Greenland:
· Head of State: Queen Margrethe II (represented by High Commissioner Mikaela Engell)
· Head of Government: Premier Múte Bourup Egede
· Form of Government: Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy (self-governing overseas territory of Denmark)
Note: There are several other countries and territories in North America, such as the Caribbean nations and territories, but they do not have parliamentary systems of government.

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government
I'm sorry, but there are currently no countries in North America with parliamentary systems of government. Parliamentary systems of government are characterized by a fusion of the executive and legislative branches, with the head of government (usually called the Prime Minister) being selected from the ruling party or coalition in the parliament.
The countries in North America have various forms of government, including federal presidential republics (such as the United States and Mexico), parliamentary constitutional monarchies (such as Canada), and self-governing overseas territories (such as Greenland). However, none of these countries have parliamentary systems of government.



ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY North America AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government.rliamentary system of
ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY 2. Antarctica AND parliamentary system of government,pa parliamentary systems of government 2. Antarctica
Antarctica is a continent, but it is not governed by any one country or head of state. Instead, it is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System, which is a series of international agreements that aim to protect the continent and promote scientific research. The treaty was signed in 1959 by 12 countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union, and has since been joined by over 50 other countries.
The Antarctic Treaty System establishes a framework for the governance of Antarctica, including regulations on environmental protection and scientific research. The system is overseen by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, which is made up of representatives from all the countries that have signed the treaty. The meeting is held annually to discuss issues related to Antarctica and make decisions about its governance.
Since Antarctica is not governed by any one country or head of state, it does not have a parliamentary system of government or any other type of government. Instead, the governance of Antarctica is based on international cooperation and the principles of the Antarctic Treaty System.

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government Australia/Oceania
Here are the countries in Australia/Oceania and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State:
1. Australia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Scott Morrison
2. Fiji - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ratu Wiliame Katonivere
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
3. Kiribati - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Taneti Maamau
· Current Head of Government: President Taneti Maamau
4. Marshall Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David Kabua
· Current Head of Government: President David Kabua
5. Micronesia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President David W. Panuelo
· Current Head of Government: President David W. Panuelo
6. Nauru - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Lionel Aingimea
· Current Head of Government: President Lionel Aingimea
7. New Zealand - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern
8. Palau - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
· Current Head of Government: President Surangel Whipps Jr.
9. Papua New Guinea - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II (represented by the Governor-General)
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister James Marape
10. Samoa - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: O le Ao o le Malo Va'aletoa Sualauvi II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fiame Naomi Mata'afa
11. Solomon Islands - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Sir David Vunagi
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare
12. Tonga - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Tupou VI
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni
13. Tuvalu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Governor-General Iakoba Italeli
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Kausea Natano
14. Vanuatu - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Tallis Obed Moses
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bob Loughman

ALL PRESIDENT /HEAD OF COUNRTY AND parliamentary system of government, parliamentary systems of government 2. Asia
Here are the countries in Asia and their respective parliamentary systems of government, along with their current President/Head of State:
1. Afghanistan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ashraf Ghani
· Current Head of Government: President Ashraf Ghani
2. Armenia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Armen Sarkissian
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan
3. Azerbaijan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ilham Aliyev
· Current Head of Government: President Ilham Aliyev
4. Bahrain - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
5. Bangladesh - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Abdul Hamid
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina
6. Bhutan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Lotay Tshering
7. Brunei - Absolute Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
8. Cambodia - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Norodom Sihamoni
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Hun Sen
9. China - One-Party State with a Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Xi Jinping
· Current Head of Government: Premier Li Keqiang
10. Cyprus - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Nicos Anastasiades
· Current Head of Government: President Nicos Anastasiades
11. Georgia - Semi-Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Salome Zourabichvili
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Irakli Garibashvili
12. India - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Ram Nath Kovind
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
13. Indonesia - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Joko Widodo
· Current Head of Government: President Joko Widodo
14. Iran - Theocratic Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei
· Current Head of Government: President Ebrahim Raisi
15. Iraq - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Barham Salih
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
16. Israel - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Isaac Herzog
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Naftali Bennett
17. Japan - Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: Emperor Naruhito
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Fumio Kishida
18. Jordan - Constitutional Monarchy with a Parliamentary System of Government
· Current Head of State: King Abdullah II
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister Bisher al-Khasawneh
19. Kazakhstan - Presidential System of Government
· Current Head of State: President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev
· Current Head of Government: Prime Minister

In Islam, prophets are believed to be chosen by Allah (God) to deliver His message to the people. Muslims believe that the prophets were sent to guide humanity towards the path of righteousness and to warn them against sin and wrongdoing. Some of the most prominent prophets in Islam include Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad (peace be upon them all). Muslims believe that the message of all prophets was the same, to worship and submit to one God (Allah) and to live a life of piety and righteousness.

According to Islamic teachings, Allah is the creator of the Earth and everything in it, including food and various resources. Muslims believe that Allah provides sustenance and blessings to all living beings on Earth. It is believed that Allah's order is for human beings to appreciate and take care of the resources provided to them, and to utilize them responsibly for the benefit of all. Muslims are encouraged to be grateful for the blessings of food and resources and to share with those in need.

In addition to food, Islamic teachings also emphasize kindness and compassion towards others. Muslims are encouraged to show kindness, empathy, and generosity towards their fellow human beings and all living creatures. It is believed that through acts of kindness and compassion, one can reflect the attributes of Allah and fulfill their purpose in life.

Overall, Islam emphasizes the importance of recognizing Allah as the ultimate provider and caretaker of the Earth and its resources. Muslims are encouraged to be grateful for the sustenance provided and to use it in a responsible and compassionate manner, while treating others with kindness and generosity.

اسلام میں، انبیاء کو اللہ (خدا) نے لوگوں تک اپنا پیغام پہنچانے کے لیے منتخب کیا ہے

۔ مسلمانوں کا عقیدہ ہے کہ انبیاء کو انسانیت کی راہ راست پر لانے اور گناہ اور غلط کاموں سے متنبہ کرنے کے لیے بھیجا گیا تھا۔ اسلام میں سب سے نمایاں پیغمبروں میں آدم، نوح، ابراہیم، موسیٰ، عیسیٰ اور محمد (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) شامل ہیں۔ مسلمانوں کا عقیدہ ہے کہ تمام انبیاء کا پیغام ایک ہی تھا، ایک خدا (اللہ) کی عبادت اور سر تسلیم خم کرنا اور تقویٰ اور راستبازی کی زندگی گزانا۔

اسلامی تعلیمات کے مطابق، اللہ زمین اور اس میں موجود ہر چیز کا خالق ہے، بشمول خوراک اور مختلف وسائل۔ مسلمانوں کا عقیدہ ہے کہ اللہ زمین پر موجود تمام جانداروں کو رزق اور نعمتیں فراہم کرتا ہے۔ یہ خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ اللہ کا حکم انسانوں کے لیے ہے کہ وہ اپنے فراہم کردہ وسائل کی قدر کرے اور ان کی دیکھ بھال کرے، اور سب کے فائدے کے لیے انھیں ذمہ داری کے ساتھ استعمال کرے۔ مسلمانوں کو خوراک اور وسائل کی نعمتوں کا شکر ادا کرنے اور ضرورت مندوں کے ساتھ اشتراک کرنے کی ترغیب دی جاتی ہے۔

کھانے کے علاوہ، اسلامی تعلیمات دوسروں کے ساتھ مہربانی اور ہمدردی پر بھی زور دیتی ہیں۔ مسلمانوں کو حوصلہ افزائی کی جاتی ہے کہ وہ اپنے ساتھی انسانوں اور تمام جانداروں کے ساتھ مہربانی، ہمدردی اور سخاوت کا مظاہرہ کریں۔ یہ خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ مہربانی اور ہمدردی کے کاموں کے ذریعے، کوئی بھی اللہ کی صفات کی عکاسی کر سکتا ہے اور زندگی میں اپنے مقصد کو پورا کر سکتا ہے۔

مجموعی طور پر، اسلام اللہ کو زمین اور اس کے وسائل کا حتمی فراہم کنندہ اور نگران تسلیم کرنے کی اہمیت پر زور دیتا ہے۔ مسلمانوں کی حوصلہ افزائی کی جاتی ہے کہ وہ فراہم کردہ رزق کے لیے شکر گزار ہوں اور دوسروں کے ساتھ احسان اور سخاوت کے ساتھ اسے ذمہ دارانہ اور ہمدردی کے ساتھ استعمال کریں۔

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